Mandatory pre-travel authorization for all visa-exempt nationals (US, Canada, EU, UK, Australia, etc.), fully in force since 1 January 2025. Costs NIS 25, is valid for 2 years or until passport expiry, and permits stays of up to 90 days per visit. Applied for online via the Population and Immigration Authority portal; decisions usually arrive within 72 hours.
Государственный сбор
₪25
Сервисный сбор
₪200
Срок оформления
3 дня
Макс. пребывание
90 дней
Срок действия
730 дней
Список документов (5)
Valid passportPassport from a visa-exempt country, valid for the intended stay (recommended 6+ months).Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Online application formCompleted at israel-entry.piba.gov.il, typically 10-15 minutes.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Email addressFor receiving the ETA-IL approval notice.Как получить этот документ
Show where you will stay: a hotel booking, a signed tenancy/lease, a host's invitation with their address, or an address-registration document. For longer stays a registered rental contract is usually expected.
Кем выдаётся
Landlord / host / municipality
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Credit cardTo pay the non-refundable NIS 25 fee.Как получить этот документ
Pay the visa or government fee through the channel the consulate specifies — card payment on the application portal, bank transfer, or in person at the visa centre. Keep the receipt or transaction confirmation to upload or present.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / payment provider
Обычная стоимость
Varies by visa
Обычный срок
Immediate–2 days
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Travel detailsНеобязательноIntended arrival information requested in the application.Как получить этот документ
Provide a flight reservation or an onward/return ticket itinerary. Many travellers use a held reservation (not a paid ticket) from an airline, travel agent or flight-itinerary service so they are not committed before the visa is granted.
Кем выдаётся
Airline / travel agent
Обычная стоимость
free–$30 for a reservation
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Туристическая виза
Israel B/2 Visitor Visa
Consular visitor visa for nationals of visa-required countries (e.g. India, China, the Philippines, most of Africa), covering tourism, family visits, short business meetings and medical treatment. Permits stays of up to 90 days; extensions (fee NIS 175) are possible at Population and Immigration Authority offices. Holders may not work in Israel.
Сервисный сбор
₪600
Макс. пребывание
90 дней
Список документов (8)
Visa application formCompleted and signed application for an entry visa to Israel.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Valid passportValid at least 6 months beyond the planned stay.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Passport photosTwo recent passport-size photographs.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of fundsBank statements showing sufficient means for the stay.Как получить этот документ
Show you can support your stay using bank statements, a salary or pension certificate, a sponsorship/affidavit of support, or evidence of savings or income that meets the published minimum for the visa. Combine several documents if one is not enough.
Кем выдаётся
Your bank / employer / sponsor
Обычная стоимость
free–$20
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Return or onward ticketEvidence of departure from Israel.Как получить этот документ
Provide a flight reservation or an onward/return ticket itinerary. Many travellers use a held reservation (not a paid ticket) from an airline, travel agent or flight-itinerary service so they are not committed before the visa is granted.
Кем выдаётся
Airline / travel agent
Обычная стоимость
free–$30 for a reservation
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of ties to home countryНеобязательноEmployment, property or family evidence supporting intent to return.Как получить этот документ
Write a signed cover or motivation letter explaining the purpose of your trip or application, your plans and your ties to your home country, addressed to the consulate. You prepare this yourself.
Кем выдаётся
Self-prepared
Обычная стоимость
Free
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Invitation letterНеобязательноFrom host in Israel, if visiting family or business contacts.Как получить этот документ
Ask your host, company or institution in the destination to write an invitation letter with their details, your details, and the purpose and dates of the visit. Some countries require it to be officially registered or legalised by local immigration (e.g. a notarised or authority-stamped invitation).
Кем выдаётся
Host / inviting organisation
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Days–weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Travel health insuranceНеобязательноCoverage for the duration of the visit.Как получить этот документ
Buy a travel-medical insurance policy covering your whole trip and every destination country, then print the certificate. For the Schengen Area the EU Visa Code requires at least €30,000 of cover for medical emergencies and repatriation, valid across all member states.
Short transit visa for visa-required travelers stopping in Israel en route to another destination, allowing up to 5 days (extendable by 10 days in Israel). Travelers who stay airside in the international transit zone for under 24 hours do not need it; visa-exempt nationals leaving the airport need an ETA-IL instead.
Сервисный сбор
₪600
Макс. пребывание
5 дней
Список документов (5)
Valid passportValid at least 6 months beyond travel dates.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Visa application formCompleted entry-visa application marked for transit.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Onward ticketConfirmed booking to the final destination.Как получить этот документ
Provide a flight reservation or an onward/return ticket itinerary. Many travellers use a held reservation (not a paid ticket) from an airline, travel agent or flight-itinerary service so they are not committed before the visa is granted.
Кем выдаётся
Airline / travel agent
Обычная стоимость
free–$30 for a reservation
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Visa for destination countryIf required for the onward destination.Как получить этот документ
Obtain a national ID card or a citizenship/nationality certificate from your civil-registry or interior ministry. For ancestry- or origin-based routes, request the birth, naturalisation or archive records that prove the qualifying lineage.
Кем выдаётся
Civil registry / interior ministry
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–several weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Passport photosTwo recent passport-size photographs.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Деловая виза (бизнес-визит)
Israel eVisa-B2 (Online Visitor Visa)
Online B/2 visa channel run on the Population and Immigration Authority portal for selected visa-required nationalities (pilot launched with India), covering tourism, family visits, short business trips, non-academic study and medical treatment. Fee approximately NIS 100; processing can take up to 30 days and allows up to 90 days' stay within 180 days. Being rolled out to additional nationalities over time.
Государственный сбор
₪100
Сервисный сбор
₪200
Срок оформления
30 дней
Макс. пребывание
90 дней
Срок действия
90 дней
Список документов (6)
Valid passportValid at least 6 months beyond the planned stay; biographic page scan uploaded.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Online application formCompleted on the official israel-entry.piba.gov.il portal.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Digital photoRecent passport-style photograph.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of fundsBank statements demonstrating means of support.Как получить этот документ
Show you can support your stay using bank statements, a salary or pension certificate, a sponsorship/affidavit of support, or evidence of savings or income that meets the published minimum for the visa. Combine several documents if one is not enough.
Кем выдаётся
Your bank / employer / sponsor
Обычная стоимость
free–$20
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Travel itineraryНеобязательноFlight bookings and accommodation details.Как получить этот документ
Provide a flight reservation or an onward/return ticket itinerary. Many travellers use a held reservation (not a paid ticket) from an airline, travel agent or flight-itinerary service so they are not committed before the visa is granted.
Кем выдаётся
Airline / travel agent
Обычная стоимость
free–$30 for a reservation
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Invitation letterНеобязательноIf visiting relatives or business partners in Israel.Как получить этот документ
Ask your host, company or institution in the destination to write an invitation letter with their details, your details, and the purpose and dates of the visit. Some countries require it to be officially registered or legalised by local immigration (e.g. a notarised or authority-stamped invitation).
Кем выдаётся
Host / inviting organisation
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Days–weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Ещё не исследовано
Виза для лечения
Виза для паломничества
1 маршрут
Учёба и стажировки
Университеты, языковые курсы, стажировки и программы обмена.
Студенческая виза
Israel A/2 Student Visa
Visa for foreign students admitted to Israeli universities, schools or yeshivot. Issued for up to 1 year with multiple entries and renewable for the duration of full-time study (extensions granted in-country); holders are not permitted to work. Applications are filed at an Israeli mission abroad or a Population and Immigration Authority office.
Study: Study at academic/yeshiva institution
Сервисный сбор
₪800
Срок действия
365 дней
Список документов (7)
Letter of admissionFrom the recognized education institution or yeshiva.Как получить этот документ
Once you are accepted, request an admission/acceptance letter or certificate of enrolment from the school or university's admissions or registrar office. It should confirm the programme, the dates and that tuition is arranged.
Кем выдаётся
School / university (admissions office)
Обычная стоимость
Usually free
Обычный срок
A few days–2 weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of tuition paymentConfirmation that tuition fees have been paid.Как получить этот документ
Once you are accepted, request an admission/acceptance letter or certificate of enrolment from the school or university's admissions or registrar office. It should confirm the programme, the dates and that tuition is arranged.
Кем выдаётся
School / university (admissions office)
Обычная стоимость
Usually free
Обычный срок
A few days–2 weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of means of livingEvidence of financial support for the study period.Как получить этот документ
Show you can support your stay using bank statements, a salary or pension certificate, a sponsorship/affidavit of support, or evidence of savings or income that meets the published minimum for the visa. Combine several documents if one is not enough.
Кем выдаётся
Your bank / employer / sponsor
Обычная стоимость
free–$20
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Valid passportValid for the entire visa period.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Current photoRecent passport-style photograph.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Original birth certificateMay be requested with the application.Как получить этот документ
Order a certified copy of your birth certificate from the civil-registry/vital-records office where you were born (often available online). For foreign use it usually needs an apostille or legalisation and a translation.
Completed visa application formDownloaded, printed and submitted in person.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Ещё не исследовано
Виза на языковые курсы
Виза для стажировки / практики
Виза по программе обмена
2 маршрута
Работа и самозанятость
Цифровые кочевники, фриланс, квалифицированная занятость и внутрикорпоративные переводы.
Виза для стартапа / предпринимателя
Israel Innovation Visa for Foreign Entrepreneurs
Pilot program run with the Israel Innovation Authority allowing foreign entrepreneurs to develop a technological venture in Israel for up to 24 months while hosted by an approved landing pad/host organization (linked to the Tnufa incentive framework). If the venture incorporates and gains Innovation Authority support, the founder can switch to a B/1 expert visa for up to 5 years. No fixed investment threshold is published.
Work: Only on own startup; no outside employment
Сервисный сбор
₪1,000
Срок действия
730 дней
Список документов (6)
Acceptance by an approved host entityConfirmation from an Innovation Authority-recognized landing pad, accelerator or incubator.Как получить этот документ
Show where you will stay: a hotel booking, a signed tenancy/lease, a host's invitation with their address, or an address-registration document. For longer stays a registered rental contract is usually expected.
Кем выдаётся
Landlord / host / municipality
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Valid passportValid for the full program period.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Business/venture descriptionDescription of the innovative technological project to be developed in Israel.Как получить этот документ
Prepare a business or project plan describing the activity, market, financial projections and job creation. You usually write this yourself; some startup or investor visas require it to follow a set template or be reviewed by an approved incubator.
Кем выдаётся
Self-prepared (sometimes incubator-endorsed)
Обычная стоимость
free–consultant fee
Обычный срок
Varies
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of financial meansEvidence the entrepreneur can support themselves for the stay.Как получить этот документ
Show you can support your stay using bank statements, a salary or pension certificate, a sponsorship/affidavit of support, or evidence of savings or income that meets the published minimum for the visa. Combine several documents if one is not enough.
Кем выдаётся
Your bank / employer / sponsor
Обычная стоимость
free–$20
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
CV and founder backgroundProfessional history of the applicant.Как получить этот документ
Request a criminal-record certificate from your country's police or justice/interior ministry — many issue it through a national online portal, sometimes requiring fingerprints. For foreign use it usually must be apostilled or legalised and translated, and most consulates accept one issued within the last 3–6 months.
Health insurancePrivate medical coverage for the stay.Как получить этот документ
Buy a travel-medical insurance policy covering your whole trip and every destination country, then print the certificate. For the Schengen Area the EU Visa Code requires at least €30,000 of cover for medical emergencies and repatriation, valid across all member states.
Employer-sponsored work visa for foreign specialists whose expertise is scarce in Israel (engineers, executives, medical and industrial experts). The employer must obtain an expert work permit (submission fee NIS 1,420 in 2026, plus an annual employer levy of NIS 11,525 and NIS 205 visa stamp) and pay at least twice the Israeli average wage, about NIS 23,460/month as of 2026. Issued for 1 year and renewable up to a total of 63 months; short-track SEA (90-day) and STEP (3-month) variants exist.
Work: Employer-tied expert work; high salary req
Family: Family get B/2; no work without permit
Государственный сбор
₪1,420
Сервисный сбор
₪800
Срок действия
365 дней
Мин. доход / мес.
₪23,460
Список документов (8)
Employer work permit approvalExpert-worker permit issued by the Population and Immigration Authority before the visa application.Как получить этот документ
Request a letter on company letterhead from your employer stating your position, start date, salary and that your leave or continued employment is approved, signed by HR or a manager. For work visas this may instead be a formal work permit or job-offer letter issued by the employer or labour authority.
Кем выдаётся
Employer (HR) / labour authority
Обычная стоимость
Free
Обычный срок
A few days
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Valid passportValid at least 6 months beyond intended employment period.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Employment contractDetailing role and salary of at least double the Israeli average wage.Как получить этот документ
Obtain a signed copy of your employment contract from your employer's HR. It should show the parties, job title, salary, duration and signatures; some consulates want it stamped or, for work visas, registered with the labour authority.
Кем выдаётся
Employer / labour authority
Обычная стоимость
Free
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of expertiseDegrees, professional certificates and CV demonstrating unique qualifications.Как получить этот документ
Request a letter on company letterhead from your employer stating your position, start date, salary and that your leave or continued employment is approved, signed by HR or a manager. For work visas this may instead be a formal work permit or job-offer letter issued by the employer or labour authority.
Кем выдаётся
Employer (HR) / labour authority
Обычная стоимость
Free
Обычный срок
A few days
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Certificate of good conductPolice clearance from country of residence.Как получить этот документ
Apply for a police clearance or good-conduct certificate from the national police or a designated portal (and from any country where you lived long-term). It typically needs an apostille and translation and must be recent — issued within the last 3–6 months.
Medical examination resultsFrom a recognized clinic, as required by the consulate.Как получить этот документ
Book a medical examination with a doctor or, where required, a clinic on the consulate's approved-panel list. Tests may include a general exam, a chest X-ray/TB screening and blood tests; the clinic issues the certificate directly.
Кем выдаётся
Licensed doctor / panel clinic
Обычная стоимость
$30–$200
Обычный срок
1–2 weeks including results
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Passport photosRecent passport-size photographs.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Fingerprinting/biometricsTaken at the Israeli mission when stamping the visa.Как получить этот документ
Book a biometrics appointment at the destination's visa application centre (e.g. VFS Global, TLScontact or BLS) or consulate, then attend in person to give fingerprints and a facial photo. Bring your passport and the appointment confirmation.
Кем выдаётся
Visa application centre / consulate
Обычная стоимость
Often included in the visa fee; sometimes a small service fee
Обычный срок
15–30 minute appointment
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Ещё не исследовано
Виза цифрового кочевника
Виза для фрилансера
Виза для самозанятых
Виза для сезонной работы
Виза для внутрикорпоративного перевода
1 маршрут
Инвестиции и капитал
Золотые визы, недвижимость, гражданство за инвестиции, пассивный доход.
Виза бизнес-инвестора
Israel B-5 Investor Visa (US Citizens)
Treaty-style investor visa available only to US citizens (reciprocal to the US E-2), for investors who make a substantial investment in an Israeli enterprise they develop and direct, holding at least 50% ownership. No fixed minimum investment, but the business must benefit the Israeli economy and employ locals; key US-citizen employees can also qualify. Issued for 2 years and renewable (typically up to 5 years); spouses and children under 21 receive B/52-B/53 dependent visas without national health coverage. It does not lead to permanent residence or citizenship.
Work: Manage/develop the investment business
Study: Investor and family may study
Family: Spouse/children live, work, study
Срок действия
730 дней
Список документов (8)
US passportB-5 is restricted to US citizens.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of substantial investmentEvidence funds are invested or irrevocably committed to the Israeli business.Как получить этот документ
Provide documentary proof of the qualifying investment: a bank confirmation of the deposit or transfer, share or title certificates, an escrow or blocked-account statement, or a notarised purchase contract, depending on the programme's rules.
Кем выдаётся
Bank / notary / company registry
Обычная стоимость
Varies
Обычный срок
1–4 weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of ownership/controlAt least 50% ownership or operational control of the enterprise.Как получить этот документ
Get an up-to-date extract from the commercial/companies register (chamber of commerce or trade registry) showing your company's registration, or your trade or professional licence. Many registries issue this online for a small fee.
Кем выдаётся
Commercial register / chamber of commerce
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Business planShowing the enterprise is real, active and more than marginal.Как получить этот документ
Prepare a business or project plan describing the activity, market, financial projections and job creation. You usually write this yourself; some startup or investor visas require it to follow a set template or be reviewed by an approved incubator.
Кем выдаётся
Self-prepared (sometimes incubator-endorsed)
Обычная стоимость
free–consultant fee
Обычный срок
Varies
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Corporate documents of Israeli companyRegistration, financial statements, employee records.Как получить этот документ
Get an up-to-date extract from the commercial/companies register (chamber of commerce or trade registry) showing your company's registration, or your trade or professional licence. Many registries issue this online for a small fee.
Кем выдаётся
Commercial register / chamber of commerce
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Personal interviewConducted at a designated Israeli consulate in the US.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Dependent documentsНеобязательноMarriage/birth certificates for spouse and children under 21.Как получить этот документ
Prove the family link with civil documents — marriage and birth certificates connecting you to the relative, a family or household register, or, for unmarried partners, evidence of cohabitation (joint lease, bills, photos). Civil documents often need an apostille and translation.
Private health insuranceRequired for the investor and dependents.Как получить этот документ
Buy a travel-medical insurance policy covering your whole trip and every destination country, then print the certificate. For the Schengen Area the EU Visa Code requires at least €30,000 of cover for medical emergencies and repatriation, valid across all member states.
Bilateral working-holiday scheme for young people (generally 18-30) from partner countries including Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic and South Korea. Allows a stay of up to 12 months with incidental work to fund travel, but no more than 3 months with any single employer. Applications are filed at Israeli embassies in the partner countries.
Work: Max 3 months per workplace; work secondary
Сервисный сбор
₪800
Макс. пребывание
365 дней
Срок действия
365 дней
Список документов (7)
Valid passportFrom a working-holiday partner country, valid beyond the 12-month stay.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Visa application formCompleted working-holiday application.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of age 18-30Applicant must be within the eligible age band at application.Как получить этот документ
Obtain a national ID card or a citizenship/nationality certificate from your civil-registry or interior ministry. For ancestry- or origin-based routes, request the birth, naturalisation or archive records that prove the qualifying lineage.
Кем выдаётся
Civil registry / interior ministry
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–several weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of sufficient fundsBank statements showing means to support the initial stay.Как получить этот документ
Show you can support your stay using bank statements, a salary or pension certificate, a sponsorship/affidavit of support, or evidence of savings or income that meets the published minimum for the visa. Combine several documents if one is not enough.
Кем выдаётся
Your bank / employer / sponsor
Обычная стоимость
free–$20
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Return or onward ticketOr funds to purchase one.Как получить этот документ
Provide a flight reservation or an onward/return ticket itinerary. Many travellers use a held reservation (not a paid ticket) from an airline, travel agent or flight-itinerary service so they are not committed before the visa is granted.
Кем выдаётся
Airline / travel agent
Обычная стоимость
free–$30 for a reservation
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Medical/travel insuranceCoverage for the full 12 months.Как получить этот документ
Buy a travel-medical insurance policy covering your whole trip and every destination country, then print the certificate. For the Schengen Area the EU Visa Code requires at least €30,000 of cover for medical emergencies and repatriation, valid across all member states.
Passport photosRecent passport-size photographs.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Ещё не исследовано
Виза для пенсионеров
3 маршрута
Семья и происхождение
Воссоединение семьи, супружеские визы и репатриация по происхождению.
Виза для воссоединения семьи
Israel Elderly Lone Parent of an Israeli Citizen
Israel has no general family-reunification track for parents; the narrow Elderly Lone Parent procedure lets an Israeli citizen sponsor a non-Jewish parent who is alone abroad (mother 65+, father 67+, no spouse and no other children outside Israel). Status is granted gradually: B/1 permit for 1-2 years, then A/5 temporary residence, and eventually permanent residence. The Ministry of Interior scrutinizes the parent's loneliness and center of life strictly.
Сервисный сбор
₪1,000
Список документов (7)
Sponsorship application by Israeli childSubmitted to the Ministry of Interior / PIBA bureau.Как получить этот документ
Have your sponsor sign a letter or affidavit of support undertaking to cover your costs, attaching their ID and proof of funds or income. Some countries require a notarised affidavit or an official guarantee form.
Кем выдаётся
Sponsor (sometimes notarised)
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Days
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Parent's passportValid foreign passport.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of ageBirth certificate showing mother 65+ or father 67+.Как получить этот документ
Obtain a national ID card or a citizenship/nationality certificate from your civil-registry or interior ministry. For ancestry- or origin-based routes, request the birth, naturalisation or archive records that prove the qualifying lineage.
Кем выдаётся
Civil registry / interior ministry
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–several weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of loneliness abroadEvidence the parent has no spouse and no other children outside Israel (death/divorce certificates, family registries).Как получить этот документ
Write a signed cover or motivation letter explaining the purpose of your trip or application, your plans and your ties to your home country, addressed to the consulate. You prepare this yourself.
Кем выдаётся
Self-prepared
Обычная стоимость
Free
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of family relationshipDocuments linking parent and Israeli sponsor.Как получить этот документ
Prove the family link with civil documents — marriage and birth certificates connecting you to the relative, a family or household register, or, for unmarried partners, evidence of cohabitation (joint lease, bills, photos). Civil documents often need an apostille and translation.
Police clearance certificateFrom the parent's country of residence.Как получить этот документ
Apply for a police clearance or good-conduct certificate from the national police or a designated portal (and from any country where you lived long-term). It typically needs an apostille and translation and must be recent — issued within the last 3–6 months.
Proof of sponsor's ability to supportНеобязательноIncome and housing evidence of the Israeli child.Как получить этот документ
Have your sponsor sign a letter or affidavit of support undertaking to cover your costs, attaching their ID and proof of funds or income. Some countries require a notarised affidavit or an official guarantee form.
Кем выдаётся
Sponsor (sometimes notarised)
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Days
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Виза для супруга / партнёра
Israel Spouse/Partner of Israeli Citizen (Gradual Process)
Foreign spouses and recognized common-law partners of Israeli citizens regularize status through a staged track at the Ministry of Interior: an initial B/1 permit (about 6 months) while the relationship is vetted, then an A/5 temporary residence permit renewed annually for about 4 years. Married spouses can apply for citizenship after roughly 4.5-5 years; common-law partners generally reach permanent residence after about 7 years. The couple must prove a genuine, ongoing relationship centered in Israel throughout.
Сервисный сбор
₪1,000
Список документов (8)
Joint application at Ministry of InteriorFiled together with the Israeli partner at the local PIBA bureau.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Marriage certificate or proof of partnershipApostilled marriage certificate, or extensive proof of shared life for common-law couples.Как получить этот документ
Order a certified copy of your marriage (or divorce) certificate from the civil registry that recorded it. For foreign use add an apostille or legalisation and a certified translation.
Valid foreign passportOf the foreign partner.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of genuine relationshipPhotos, correspondence, joint accounts, affidavits from friends and family.Как получить этот документ
Prove the family link with civil documents — marriage and birth certificates connecting you to the relative, a family or household register, or, for unmarried partners, evidence of cohabitation (joint lease, bills, photos). Civil documents often need an apostille and translation.
Proof of shared residence in IsraelLease or property documents, utility bills.Как получить этот документ
Prove the family link with civil documents — marriage and birth certificates connecting you to the relative, a family or household register, or, for unmarried partners, evidence of cohabitation (joint lease, bills, photos). Civil documents often need an apostille and translation.
Police clearance certificateFrom the foreign partner's countries of residence.Как получить этот документ
Apply for a police clearance or good-conduct certificate from the national police or a designated portal (and from any country where you lived long-term). It typically needs an apostille and translation and must be recent — issued within the last 3–6 months.
Birth certificateApostilled, of the foreign partner.Как получить этот документ
Order a certified copy of your birth certificate from the civil-registry/vital-records office where you were born (often available online). For foreign use it usually needs an apostille or legalisation and a translation.
Health declarationНеобязательноMedical/health-related declarations as requested.Как получить этот документ
Book a medical examination with a doctor or, where required, a clinic on the consulate's approved-panel list. Tests may include a general exam, a chest X-ray/TB screening and blood tests; the clinic issues the certificate directly.
Кем выдаётся
Licensed doctor / panel clinic
Обычная стоимость
$30–$200
Обычный срок
1–2 weeks including results
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Виза по происхождению / репатриация
Aliyah - Oleh Visa under the Law of Return
Israel's flagship immigration route: every Jew, plus children and grandchildren of Jews and their spouses, is entitled to immigrate and receive Israeli citizenship under the 1950 Law of Return. Applicants prove Jewish ancestry or conversion through the Jewish Agency (with Nefesh B'Nefesh assisting North American/UK olim), receive an oleh visa abroad, and are granted citizenship and an absorption benefits package (Sal Klita, tax breaks) upon arrival. The end-to-end process typically takes around 6-8 months.
Срок оформления
210 дней
Список документов (8)
Proof of Jewish ancestry or conversionBirth certificates, parents'/grandparents' documents, synagogue or rabbinical letters, or conversion certificate.Как получить этот документ
Obtain a national ID card or a citizenship/nationality certificate from your civil-registry or interior ministry. For ancestry- or origin-based routes, request the birth, naturalisation or archive records that prove the qualifying lineage.
Кем выдаётся
Civil registry / interior ministry
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–several weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Valid passportValid at least 6 months beyond travel.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Birth certificateOriginal or apostilled copy.Как получить этот документ
Order a certified copy of your birth certificate from the civil-registry/vital-records office where you were born (often available online). For foreign use it usually needs an apostille or legalisation and a translation.
Marriage/divorce certificatesDocumenting current marital status and name changes.Как получить этот документ
Order a certified copy of your marriage (or divorce) certificate from the civil registry that recorded it. For foreign use add an apostille or legalisation and a certified translation.
Police clearance certificateCriminal record check from country of residence.Как получить этот документ
Apply for a police clearance or good-conduct certificate from the national police or a designated portal (and from any country where you lived long-term). It typically needs an apostille and translation and must be recent — issued within the last 3–6 months.
Passport photosRecent color photographs.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Aliyah application and interviewFiled via the Jewish Agency / Nefesh B'Nefesh with a shaliach interview.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Letter from local Jewish communityНеобязательноSupporting evidence of Jewish status where applicable.Как получить этот документ
Ask your host, company or institution in the destination to write an invitation letter with their details, your details, and the purpose and dates of the visit. Some countries require it to be officially registered or legalised by local immigration (e.g. a notarised or authority-stamped invitation).
Кем выдаётся
Host / inviting organisation
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Days–weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Ещё не исследовано
Виза для родственника-иждивенца
3 маршрута
Особые категории
Талант, религия, гуманитарные основания, СМИ, служебные визы и постоянное проживание.
Виза для талантов / высококвалифицированных специалистов
Israel High-Tech Visa (HIT)
Expedited B/1 track for foreign experts hired by recognized Israeli high-tech companies, processed in about 10 days or less. Requires the applicant to be a national of a visa-exempt country and to earn at least double the Israeli average wage (about NIS 23,460/month in 2026); total first-year government costs run about NIS 12,650-13,150 including the employer levy. Granted for 1 year, renewable up to 5 years, with work authorization available for accompanying spouses.
Work: Fast-track high-tech work
Family: Spouse can get work visa, any employer
Государственный сбор
₪1,420
Сервисный сбор
₪1,000
Срок оформления
10 дней
Срок действия
365 дней
Мин. доход / мес.
₪23,460
Список документов (7)
Recognized hi-tech employer sponsorshipEmployment offer from a company recognized by the Israel Innovation Authority.Как получить этот документ
Request a letter on company letterhead from your employer stating your position, start date, salary and that your leave or continued employment is approved, signed by HR or a manager. For work visas this may instead be a formal work permit or job-offer letter issued by the employer or labour authority.
Кем выдаётся
Employer (HR) / labour authority
Обычная стоимость
Free
Обычный срок
A few days
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Valid passport from visa-exempt countryHIT track is limited to nationals of countries exempt from Israeli tourist visas.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Employment contractSalary at least twice the Israeli average wage.Как получить этот документ
Obtain a signed copy of your employment contract from your employer's HR. It should show the parties, job title, salary, duration and signatures; some consulates want it stamped or, for work visas, registered with the labour authority.
Кем выдаётся
Employer / labour authority
Обычная стоимость
Free
Обычный срок
Same day–1 week
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Academic degree or tech experience evidenceRelevant degree or proof of high-tech expertise.Как получить этот документ
Use your original diploma or degree certificate; for a replacement or official copy, ask the issuing institution's registrar. For use abroad it usually needs to be apostilled or legalised and translated.
CVProfessional resume supporting the expert designation.Как получить этот документ
Write an up-to-date CV/résumé listing your education and work history. Some visas ask for the Europass format or a signed and dated version; you prepare this yourself.
Кем выдаётся
Self-prepared
Обычная стоимость
Free
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Passport photosRecent passport-size photographs.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Spouse documentsНеобязательноMarriage certificate if a working spouse visa is requested.Как получить этот документ
Prove the family link with civil documents — marriage and birth certificates connecting you to the relative, a family or household register, or, for unmarried partners, evidence of cohabitation (joint lease, bills, photos). Civil documents often need an apostille and translation.
Visa for clergy invited to serve a recognized religious institution in Israel. The institution must first obtain a recommendation from the Ministry of Interior's Department of Religious Affairs justifying the need for the foreign cleric; the visa is then issued for 1 year at a time, renewable typically up to 5 years (longer with special approval). Spouses and minor children can receive accompanying A/3 status.
Сервисный сбор
₪800
Срок действия
365 дней
Список документов (6)
Invitation from recognized religious institutionFrom an established religious organization based in Israel.Как получить этот документ
Ask your host, company or institution in the destination to write an invitation letter with their details, your details, and the purpose and dates of the visit. Some countries require it to be officially registered or legalised by local immigration (e.g. a notarised or authority-stamped invitation).
Кем выдаётся
Host / inviting organisation
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Days–weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Religious Affairs recommendationApproval from the Department of Religious Affairs that the cleric is needed.Как получить этот документ
Obtain a national ID card or a citizenship/nationality certificate from your civil-registry or interior ministry. For ancestry- or origin-based routes, request the birth, naturalisation or archive records that prove the qualifying lineage.
Кем выдаётся
Civil registry / interior ministry
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–several weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Proof of ordination/religious credentialsCertificates of religious training and position.Как получить этот документ
Use your original diploma or degree certificate; for a replacement or official copy, ask the issuing institution's registrar. For use abroad it usually needs to be apostilled or legalised and translated.
Valid passportValid for the visa period; applicant must await issuance abroad.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Passport photosRecent passport-size photographs.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Family documentsНеобязательноMarriage and birth certificates for accompanying spouse/children.Как получить этот документ
Prove the family link with civil documents — marriage and birth certificates connecting you to the relative, a family or household register, or, for unmarried partners, evidence of cohabitation (joint lease, bills, photos). Civil documents often need an apostille and translation.
Temporary residence status reserved for people eligible under the Law of Return who want to live in Israel before committing to citizenship. Granted for 3 years and extendable by 2 more (5 years maximum); holders may work, receive a Teudat Zehut, join national health insurance after 183 days, and enjoy oleh-style tax reductions. Holders can convert to full Aliyah (citizenship) at any time; note that spending over 24 months in Israel in the 3 years before Aliyah reduces absorption benefits.
Срок действия
1 095 дней
Список документов (6)
Proof of Law of Return eligibilityBirth certificate, confirmation from a Jewish community, or other documents establishing Jewish status.Как получить этот документ
Obtain a national ID card or a citizenship/nationality certificate from your civil-registry or interior ministry. For ancestry- or origin-based routes, request the birth, naturalisation or archive records that prove the qualifying lineage.
Кем выдаётся
Civil registry / interior ministry
Обычная стоимость
free–$50
Обычный срок
Same day–several weeks
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Foreign passportValid at least 6 months, with photocopies of all pages.Как получить этот документ
Apply for or renew your passport at your country's passport authority (often the foreign-affairs or interior ministry, a passport office or designated post office). Most visa portals want a clear colour scan of the bio-data page; keep the passport valid at least 6 months beyond your trip with two blank pages.
Кем выдаётся
National passport authority
Обычная стоимость
$20–$150
Обычный срок
1–6 weeks (expedited often available)
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Passport photosThree identical color photos, 3.5 x 4.5 cm, light background.Как получить этот документ
Have a recent passport photo taken at a pharmacy, photo booth or photographer, or use a compliant online photo tool. The common size is 35×45 mm with a plain light background, neutral expression and no glasses; the US and a few others require 2×2 in (51×51 mm). Get 2–4 prints plus a digital copy.
Кем выдаётся
Any photographer or photo booth (ICAO 9303 standard)
Обычная стоимость
$5–$15
Обычный срок
Same day
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Application formFiled at an Israel Aliyah Center abroad or Ministry of Interior office in Israel.Как получить этот документ
Complete the official visa or residence application form for your destination. Most consulates now use an online portal where you fill in the form, upload documents and book an appointment; print and sign the confirmation page.
Кем выдаётся
Destination consulate / immigration portal
Обычная стоимость
Usually free (the visa fee is separate)
Обычный срок
30–60 minutes to complete
Проверено 11 Jun 2026
Marital status documentsНеобязательноMarriage or divorce certificates where applicable.Как получить этот документ
Order a certified copy of your marriage (or divorce) certificate from the civil registry that recorded it. For foreign use add an apostille or legalisation and a certified translation.
Police clearanceНеобязательноMay be requested depending on the case.Как получить этот документ
Apply for a police clearance or good-conduct certificate from the national police or a designated portal (and from any country where you lived long-term). It typically needs an apostille and translation and must be recent — issued within the last 3–6 months.
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