Which countries offer a spouse / partner visa visa?

VisaPassage tracks 109 countries offering a spouse / partner visa route — 109 with fully verified government fees, processing times and rights, and 0 more at summary level. Every entry is checked against official sources and describes typical eligibility, never a promise of approval.

Does a spouse / partner visa visa lead to permanent residency?

In 44 of the tracked spouse / partner visa routes there is a statutory path to permanent residency — the fastest reaches PR on grant in Eswatini. These are statutory minimums and may vary by individual circumstances; they are never a guarantee.

Can you work on a spouse / partner visa visa?

Work rights vary by country: 45 of the tracked spouse / partner visa routes carry some form of work permission — see the Rights column in the comparison table for each country's specific terms. Confirm against the official source before relying on it.

Visa types · Family & Origin

Spouse / Partner Visa visa

Residence through marriage or registered partnership with a citizen or resident.

109 countries with verified fees and rights.

						Rights
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Residence by Marriage to a Citizen	—	—	—	—	1 year	Work: Spouses of citizens are generally permitted to live and work, subject to confirmation of status. Study: May study in Antigua and Barbuda. Residency after 1 year Family: Based on the marriage; children may be added on their own basis.
Argentina Argentina In-Country Residence for Family of Argentines (Art. 23n)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Armenia Armenia Residence for Spouses of Citizens	AMD 0	45 days	—	—	—	—
Australia Partner (Provisional and Migrant) visa (subclasses 309 and 100)	A$9,365	—	—	—	—	—
Australia Partner visa (subclasses 820 and 801)	A$9,365	—	—	—	—	—
Austria Residence Title 'Family Member' (of an Austrian citizen)	€218	—	—	—	—	—
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan TRP for Close Relatives of Citizens	—	—	—	—	2 years	Work: Residence on a family ground; paid employment may still require a work permit unless statutorily exempt. Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency after 2 years Family: Covers the spouse, parents and children of the Azerbaijani citizen.
Bahamas Bahamas Resident Spouse Permit	$200	—	—	—	5 years	Work: Permit allows the spouse to live and work in The Bahamas while residing with the Bahamian spouse. Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency after 5 years Family: Permit is for the non-Bahamian spouse; children may apply for dependant residence.
Belgium Belgium Residence Card for Family Member of EU/Belgian Citizen	—	180 days	—	—	5 years	Work: Full labour-market access as a family member of a Union/Belgian citizen. Study: May study in Belgium. Residency after 5 years Family: Card is the route for the qualifying family member.
Benin Benin Family / Spouse Residence (Resident Card on Family Ties)	F CFA 100,000	—	—	—	—	Work: Residence on family grounds; salaried work still requires a work permit. Study: Covers residence including study. Residency: Family ties support progression to the ordinary then privileged resident card; marriage to a citizen is a path to nationality. Family: Spouse and minor children regularised via the resident-card system (minors under 18 generally exempt from holding a card).
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Temporary Residence - Marriage to a B&H Citizen	BAM 150	60 days	—	—	5 years	Work: Spouses of B&H citizens generally enjoy access to employment; confirm work-authorisation rules locally. Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency after 5 years Family: The applicant is the spouse; their minor children may join via family-reunification residence.
Botswana Botswana Residence Permit - Spouse of a Citizen	—	30 days	—	—	5 years	Study: Lawful residence supports study; institution enrolment rules still apply. Residency after 5 years Family: Permit is for the foreign spouse; children apply as dependants on their own documents.
Brazil Brazil Residence for Spouse/Partner of a Brazilian	—	—	—	—	—	—
Cameroon Cameroon Spouse / Family Long-Stay Route	FCFA 200,000	—	—	—	6 years	Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency after 6 years Family: Route is specifically for joining a spouse / family member legally in Cameroon.
Canada Canada Spousal and Common-Law Partner Sponsorship	CA$1,260	480 days	—	—	—	—
Colombia Colombia M Migrant Visa - Spouse / Permanent Partner of a Colombian	$230	30 days	—	—	2 years	Work: Open work authorisation for any lawful activity. Study: Study permitted. Residency after 2 years Family: Dependent children of the couple may be included.
Congo Republic of the Congo Resident Card for Spouse of a Citizen	FCFA 106,000	—	—	—	10 years	Work: Residence as the spouse of a citizen; employment still requires a work authorisation. Study: Education permitted under lawful residence. Residency after 10 years Family: Card is for the foreign spouse; children hold their own status.
Costa Rica Costa Rica Residency by Marriage to a Costa Rican	$50	90 days	—	—	—	—
Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire Spouse of Ivorian National Residence	F CFA 300,000	15 days	—	—	—	Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency: 5-year renewable resident card; marriage may separately enable naturalisation under nationality law. Family: Children obtain their own resident cards / status.
Croatia Croatia Temporary Stay on the Basis of Life Partnership	€46.45	—	—	—	—	—
Cyprus Cyprus Residence Permit for Family Members of Cypriot Citizens	€80	120 days	—	—	—	—
Czechia Temporary Residence Permit for a Family Member of an EU/Czech Citizen	—	—	—	—	—	—
Denmark Denmark Family Reunification with a Spouse or Cohabiting Partner	DKK 8,490	—	—	—	8 years	Work: Full work access once the permit is granted. Study: Study allowed. Residency after 8 years Family: This is the spouse route; children reunited under separate child rules.
Dominica Dominica Citizenship by Marriage	—	—	—	—	3 years	Work: On naturalisation the spouse has full citizen work rights. Study: Full citizen study rights on naturalisation. Residency after 3 years Family: Route is based on marriage to a Dominican citizen; children qualify on their own basis.
DR Congo DR Congo Matrimonial Establishment Visa (Foreign Spouse)	$200	—	—	—	—	Work: Resident spouse may generally work; salaried employment may still require a work card. Study: Full access to study as a resident. Residency: Renewable resident status; naturalisation possible only by renouncing prior nationality (single nationality rule). Family: Covers the foreign spouse; dependent children covered under the minors establishment category.
Egypt Egypt Family Residence (Spouse of Egyptian Citizen)	—	60 days	—	—	5 years	Study: Holder may study. Residency after 5 years Family: Children and certain relatives of the spouse may obtain dependent residence.
El Salvador Definitive Residence as Spouse/Partner of a Salvadoran	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Definitive residents may carry out any lawful activity, including employment. Study: Definitive residents may study. Residency: This is itself definitive (permanent) residence and supports later naturalisation. Family: Based on the marriage to a Salvadoran; minor children may be included separately.
Estonia Estonia Residence Permit to Settle with a Spouse	€115	90 days	—	—	—	—
Eswatini Eswatini Citizenship by Marriage (Class C2)	SZL 100	—	—	—	On grant	Work: On grant of citizenship, full and unrestricted work rights. Study: Full access to education as a citizen. Residency: Route to citizenship itself, not merely residence. Family: Children's citizenship handled under separate classes (e.g. C3 for under-21s).
Eswatini Eswatini Dependant's Pass (Spouse & Children)	—	—	—	—	—	Study: Dependent children may attend school; lawful residence permits study. Residency: Long lawful residence as a family member can support later permanent residence/naturalisation; no fixed published threshold. Family: This is the dedicated family pass for the spouse and dependent children of a permit holder.
Ethiopia Ethiopia Temporary Residence Permit Through Marriage	—	10 days	—	—	3 years	Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency after 3 years Family: Based on the marriage to the Ethiopian citizen; children of the marriage may qualify for the Origin ID for children.
Fiji Fiji Exemption Status for Spouse of a Fiji Citizen	FJD 650.05	21 days	—	—	3 years	Study: Exempt from a student permit for tertiary education. Residency after 3 years Family: This status is for the foreign spouse; children of a Fiji citizen have a separate exemption category.
Finland Finland Residence Permit for a Family Member of a Finnish Citizen	€750	—	—	—	4 years	Work: Unrestricted right to work. Study: Right to study in Finland. Residency after 4 years Family: This permit is itself the family-reunification route for a Finnish citizen's family.
France France Spouse of French Citizen Visa/Permit	€0	—	—	365 days	—	—
Gabon Gabon Residence Card for Spouse of a Gabonese Citizen	—	35 days	—	—	—	Work: Spouse of a Gabonese national may reside and work. Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency: Direct resident card; basis for later naturalisation under nationality law. Family: Covers the foreign spouse; children of the marriage are documented accordingly.
Georgia Georgia Permanent Residence Permit for Family of Georgian Citizens	GEL 350	25 days	—	—	—	—
Germany Germany Spouse of a German Citizen Visa	€75	—	—	—	—	—
Ghana Indefinite Residence (Spouse of Ghanaian)	GHS 5,000	180 days	—	—	—	Work: Holder may live and work in Ghana without a separate work permit. Study: May study in Ghana. Residency: Already permanent residence; marriage to a Ghanaian can, separately and subject to law, support a later citizenship/registration application. Family: Granted on the basis of marriage to a Ghanaian; children's status is handled separately.
Greece Greece Residence Permit for Spouse/Partner of Greek Citizen	—	—	—	—	—	—
Grenada Grenada Residence as Spouse of a Citizen	—	—	—	—	3 years	Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency after 3 years Family: Applies to the foreign spouse; dependent children may also be regularised.
Guatemala Guatemala Permanent Residence - Spouse / Civil Partner of a Guatemalan	$700	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may carry out lawful activities, including paid work. Study: May study. Residency: This IS permanent residence; spouses of Guatemalans may seek naturalisation under the Nationality Law. Family: Based on the marriage/union to a Guatemalan; children may qualify via Art. 78(c).
Guinea Guinea Family / Spouse Long-Stay Visa	$150	3 days	—	365 days	—	Study: Permits residence; study allowed where separately enrolled. Residency: Renewable residence as a family member; no published statutory permanent-residence/naturalisation timeline. Family: Each family member over fifteen holds their own residence card tied to the principal's stay.
Guyana Guyana Citizenship by Registration (Marriage to a Citizen)	—	—	—	—	On grant	Work: Citizenship confers full, unrestricted work rights. Study: Full access to study as a citizen. Residency: This is direct acquisition of citizenship, not a residence permit. Family: Each spouse registers on their own basis; minor children may derive or register separately.
Guyana Guyana Spouse / Family of Guyanese or Resident	—	—	—	—	3 years	Residency after 3 years Family: Covers the spouse and accompanying minor children of the citizen or resident worker.
Honduras Honduras Residence by Marriage / Common-Law Union	$200	—	—	—	—	Work: Spouse of a Honduran may work; residence is not employer-tied. Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency: Leads to permanent immigrant status; spouses of Honduran-born citizens have a direct naturalisation route. Family: Granted on the marital bond; children may be added as family-link residents.
Iceland Iceland Residence Permit for Spouse or Cohabiting Partner	ISK 110,000	—	—	—	4 years	Work: General access to the Icelandic labour market. Study: Study permitted. Residency after 4 years Family: This permit IS the spouse/partner route; children apply under the children's permit.
Indonesia Indonesia Spouse of Citizen KITAS (E31A)	IDR 6,000,000	5 days	—	—	—	—
Ireland Ireland Join Family Visa - Spouse/De Facto Partner of Irish Citizen	€60	180 days	—	—	—	—
Israel Israel Spouse/Partner of Israeli Citizen (Gradual Process)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Italy Italy Residence for Family of Italian/EU Citizens	€0	75 days	—	—	—	—
Jamaica Jamaica Marriage Exemption Certificate	JMD 17,250	10 days	—	—	—	Work: Spouse may work in Jamaica without a separate work permit while the certificate is valid. Study: Lawful residence permits study alongside the exemption. Residency: Marriage to a Jamaican is a recognised basis for permanent residence; the MEC supports that application. Family: The certificate is for the foreign spouse; children arrange their own status.
Japan Japan Spouse or Child of Japanese National Visa	¥3,000	60 days	—	—	—	—
Latvia Latvia Residence Permit for Spouses of Latvian Citizens and Permanent Residents	€70	30 days	—	—	—	—
Lebanon Lebanon Courtesy Residence for Spouse of a Lebanese / Lebanese-Origin Foreigner	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Courtesy residence generally permits activity without a separate work permit, subject to conditions. Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency: A foreign wife of a Lebanese man may be naturalised by decree after a period of marriage; otherwise renewable residence. Family: Children of a Lebanese father are Lebanese by descent; a foreign spouse's status is the basis here.
Lesotho Lesotho Spouse Joining Spouse Permit	—	—	—	—	—	Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency: Renewable two-year permit; an indefinite spouse permit is available for long-term holders. Family: Permit is for the spouse of the resident or citizen; children apply via joining-relative permits.
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Facilitated Naturalisation by Marriage	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Citizens have unrestricted work rights. Study: Full access to education as a citizen. Residency: Citizenship endpoint reached after at least 5 years of marriage and residence. Family: Based on marriage to a citizen; minor children may be included.
Luxembourg Luxembourg Residence Card for Family Members of EU Citizens	€80	180 days	—	—	5 years	Work: Full access to employment with no separate work permit. Study: Study permitted. Residency after 5 years Family: This permit is itself the family-member route.
Macao Macao Residence Authorization for Family of Macao Residents	MOP 0	—	—	—	—	—
Malawi Malawi Dependant / Spouse Permit	—	—	—	—	5 years	Study: Dependent children may attend school in Malawi. Residency after 5 years Family: Covers the spouse and minor children of the principal permit holder.
Malaysia Long-Term Social Visit Pass (Spouse of Malaysian)	—	21 days	—	—	—	—
Maldives Maldives Marriage / Resident Visa (Spouse of a Maldivian)	MVR 0.50	—	—	—	—	—
Malta Malta Residence for Spouse of a Maltese Citizen (Exempt Person Status)	€0	42 days	—	—	—	—
Mauritius Mauritius Residence for Spouse of a Citizen	—	60 days	—	—	—	Work: Spouse of a citizen may generally work Study: May study as a resident Residency: Citizenship by registration after qualifying marriage/residence Family: Children of the marriage are typically Mauritian
Mexico Mexico Residence for Spouse/Partner of a Mexican National	$56	5 days	—	—	—	—
Monaco Monaco Residence Card for Spouse/Family of a Resident	€80	—	—	—	10 years	Study: Family members may study in Monaco. Residency after 10 years Family: Covers the spouse and children; under-16s receive a travel document rather than a card.
Monaco Monaco Residence Card for Spouse of a Monégasque National	€80	—	—	—	20 years	Study: May study in Monaco. Residency after 20 years Family: Dedicated card for the spouse; children apply on their own family basis.
Mongolia Mongolia Family Residence (Spouse/Family of Mongolian Citizen, F1)	—	60 days	—	365 days	—	—
Morocco Morocco Residence Permit - Spouse of a Moroccan National	—	—	—	—	4 years	Work: Generally permitted; a CTE may still be required for salaried roles. Study: Permitted. Residency after 4 years Family: Spouse is the applicant; children of the couple included.
Mozambique Mozambique Accompanying / Family Visa	—	—	—	—	10 years	Study: Dependent children may attend school; adults may study. Residency after 10 years Family: Designed for the spouse and dependent children of the principal resident.
Namibia Namibia Permanent Residence for Spouse of a Namibian	NAD 20,000	—	—	—	2 years	Work: Permanent residence allows employment without a separate work permit once granted. Study: Permanent residents may study in Namibia. Residency after 2 years Family: The applicant is the spouse; minor children of the marriage are included in the PR application.
Nepal Nepal Marriage Visa	—	15 days	—	—	—	Residency: Long-stay family route; naturalised citizenship is possible later under the Citizenship Act, processed separately. Family: Visa is for the foreign spouse; children may hold relation/dependent visas.
Netherlands Netherlands Residence Permit for Partner or Spouse	€254	90 days	€2,294.40	—	—	—
New Zealand Partner of a New Zealander Resident Visa	NZ$5,360	198 days	—	—	—	—
Nicaragua Nicaragua Residence by Marriage to a Nicaraguan	$155	—	—	—	2 years	Work: Spouse residents may work and undertake lawful activity. Study: Full access to study. Residency after 2 years Family: Route is built on the marital tie; children of the union are Nicaraguan or qualify by family link.
Nigeria Nigeria Permanent Residence - Spouse of Nigerian Citizen	—	—	—	—	—	Study: Residence permits study. Residency: Permanent residence; spouses of citizens may pursue citizenship by registration under statutory criteria. Family: Built around the spousal relationship; children may qualify under dependant subtypes.
Norway Norway Family Immigration with a Spouse or Cohabitant	NOK 11,900	—	NOK 436,957	—	3 years	Work: Family-immigration permits generally allow the holder to work and study in Norway. Study: Study is generally permitted on a family-immigration permit. Residency after 3 years Family: This permit is itself the spouse route; joint children apply via family immigration for children.
Oman Oman Residence for Spouse of an Omani National	—	30 days	—	—	—	Study: May study as a resident Residency: Long-term residence; discretionary naturalisation under the Nationality Law Family: Children of the marriage are typically Omani by descent
Panama Panama Married to a Panamanian Residence Permit	$250	135 days	—	—	—	—
Philippines Philippines 13(a) Non-Quota Immigrant Visa by Marriage	₱8,620	75 days	—	—	1 year	Work: Permanent immigrant status allows employment; an AEP may still be required for some roles. Study: Resident status permits study. Residency after 1 year Family: The Filipino spouse is the petitioner; unmarried children under 21 may be included.
Portugal Portugal Residence Card for Family Member of EU/Portuguese Citizen	—	—	—	—	—	—
Romania Romania Family Reunification with a Romanian Citizen (D/VF)	€120	90 days	—	—	5 years	Work: Free access to the Romanian labour market as the family member of a Romanian citizen. Study: Study permitted. Residency after 5 years Family: Covers spouse, minor children and dependent ascendants of the Romanian citizen.
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Marriage	—	450 days	—	—	On grant	Work: Successful applicants become citizens with full work rights. Study: Full study rights as a citizen. Residency: Route leads directly to citizenship; no separate PR step. Family: Minor children may acquire citizenship by registration through the qualifying parent.
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Residence and Citizenship through Marriage	—	—	—	—	—	Study: Lawful residence permits study; citizens have full access. Residency: Leads to citizenship by registration after the statutory marriage/residence period. Family: Route is based on the marriage; dependent children may follow the parents' status.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Citizenship by Marriage	EC$150	270 days	—	—	On grant	Work: On registration the spouse becomes a citizen with full work rights. Study: Full access to education as a citizen. Residency: Direct citizenship route; dual citizenship recognised. Family: Route is for the spouse of a citizen; minor children may be registered separately.
Samoa Samoa Residence for Spouse / Dependants of a Samoan Citizen	—	10 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Samoa; specific work conditions are set on grant. Study: Residence permits study in Samoa. Residency: Family of a citizen can be granted permanent residence directly; the period required is set case by case. Family: This route is specifically for the spouse and dependent children of a Samoan citizen.
San Marino San Marino Cohabitation (Partner) Stay Permit	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Work may be permitted subject to the labour rules for the partner's status. Study: Lawful stay permits incidental study. Residency: Lawful continuous residence contributes to the long period required for naturalisation. Family: Covers the unmarried partner of the sponsor.
Saudi Arabia Residence for Foreign Spouse of a Saudi Citizen	—	—	—	—	—	—
Seychelles Seychelles Dependant's Permit (Family of Citizen)	SCR 1,000	—	—	—	5 years	Study: Dependent children may study; verify any separate Student's Permit requirement for tertiary study. Residency after 5 years Family: Covers the citizen's non-citizen spouse and minor children.
Singapore Singapore Long-Term Visit Pass / LTVP+ (spouse of citizen or PR)	SGD 45	180 days	—	—	—	—
South Africa South Africa Spousal / Life-Partner Visa	—	60 days	—	—	5 years	Residency after 5 years Family: Issued to the partner; dependent children may be included
South Korea Marriage Migrant Visa F-6	—	—	—	—	—	—
Spain Spain Residence Card for Family of EU Citizens (incl. Pareja de Hecho)	—	90 days	—	—	—	—
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Family Members Residence Visa (Spouse & Dependants of Citizens)	$0	—	—	—	5 years	Study: Not restricted; family members may reside and study. Residency after 5 years Family: Spouse and dependent children of a Sri Lankan citizen; child fee (USD 150/yr) only ages 16-22.
Suriname Suriname Residence for Spouse / Family of a Resident	$150	90 days	—	—	5 years	Study: Family residents may enrol in study. Residency after 5 years Family: Covers the spouse and dependent minor children forming part of the family.
Sweden Sweden Residence Permit to Live with a Partner	SEK 2,000	450 days	—	—	3 years	Work: Permit gives the right to work in Sweden. Study: Permit gives the right to study. Residency after 3 years Family: Applicant is the partner; their children may be included in the application.
Switzerland Switzerland Family Member of EU/EFTA National (Free Movement)	—	—	—	—	5 years	Work: Spouse and children may work anywhere; dependent ascendants may not. Study: Study permitted. Residency after 5 years Family: Spouse/partner, children under 21 or dependent, and dependent ascendants.
Taiwan Taiwan Resident Visa for Foreign Spouses of ROC Citizens	$66	8 days	—	—	5 years	Work: Join-family resident visa/ARC allows work without a separate permit. Study: Full access to study. Residency after 5 years Family: The visa is for the spouse; minor children of the couple are addressed separately.
Tajikistan Tajikistan Spouse of Citizen Visa	—	14 days	—	—	—	Residency: Marriage to a citizen supports a residence permit and an accelerated path to naturalisation. Family: For the foreign spouse of a Tajik citizen; children apply separately.
Thailand Thailand Marriage Visa (Non-Immigrant O - Thai Spouse)	THB 2,000	10 days	THB 40,000	90 days	—	—
Togo Togo Spouse Residence Card	F CFA 200,000	37 days	—	—	—	Study: May study under lawful residence. Residency: Renewable; transitions to ordinary and privileged cards; spouses of Togolese may naturalise. Family: For the spouse; children obtain dependent cards.
Tonga Tonga Residency Visa (spouse / Tongan ancestry)	$115	30 days	—	—	—	Work: Residency generally permits living and ordinary activity in Tonga; specific work may still require an employment permit. Study: Residents may study in Tonga. Residency: This is the long-term residence route; citizenship is governed by the Nationality Act. Family: Spouse of a Tongan and dependent children are core eligible categories.
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Residence by Marriage to a National	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Residence status generally allows the holder to live and work in Trinidad and Tobago. Study: Residents may study. Residency: Leads to residence; spouses of citizens may later pursue citizenship. Family: Based on the marriage to a national; children's status is handled separately.
Tunisia Tunisia Residence as Spouse of a Tunisian Citizen	—	90 days	—	—	—	Work: Residence on the marriage basis generally allows the spouse to reside and work; some employment may still need an endorsed contract. Study: Residence supports study. Residency: Marriage entitles the holder to the 2-year ordinary residence card; naturalisation is separate under the Nationality Code. Family: This route is for the foreign spouse; children's status is handled separately.
Türkiye Turkey Residence for Spouse of a Turkish Citizen (path to citizenship)	TRY 964	90 days	—	—	—	—
Uganda Uganda Citizenship by Registration (Marriage to a Ugandan)	$200	—	—	—	On grant	Work: On grant of citizenship the holder has full and unrestricted work rights. Study: Full access to education as a citizen on grant. Residency: This is a citizenship route rather than a residence permit; citizenship is acquired on registration. Family: Children's citizenship is determined separately under the Constitution and Act.
Ukraine Ukraine Long-Term Visa for Family Reunification with a Ukrainian Citizen (Type D-14)	$165	15 days	—	90 days	—	Work: Family members of Ukrainian citizens may work; check whether a permit exemption applies to the specific status. Study: Education permitted under lawful residence. Residency: After 2 years of marriage to a Ukrainian citizen, eligible for an immigration permit and permanent residence outside the quota. Family: Route is itself for the spouse and family members of a Ukrainian citizen.
United Arab Emirates UAE Spouse Residence Visa	—	14 days	—	—	—	—
United Kingdom UK Family Visa (Partner or Spouse)	£2,064	84 days	—	—	—	—
United States IR-1 / CR-1 Spouse Immigrant Visa	$675	—	—	—	—	—
United States K-1 Fiancé(e) Visa	$675	—	—	90 days	—	—
Vanuatu Vanuatu Partner (Spouse / De Facto) Residence Visa	—	—	—	—	2 years	Work: Partners of citizens/residents may generally live and work in Vanuatu. Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency after 2 years Family: Built around the partner relationship; dependent children may be included via the child residence route.
Vietnam Vietnam TT Visa / TRC for Spouse of a Vietnamese Citizen	—	6 days	—	365 days	—	—
Zambia Zambia Spouse Permit	ZMW 3,030	—	—	—	5 years	Residency after 5 years Family: Permit is for the spouse; dependent children apply via dependant/Study Permits.
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Spouse Residence Permit	$500	—	—	—	5 years	Work: Spouse residence generally allows residence; employment may need confirmation with Immigration. Study: Residence permitted; enrolled study uses a student/scholars permit. Residency after 5 years Family: Permit is for the foreign spouse; children added as dependents at USD 300 each.

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