🇦🇱AlbaniaAlbania Residence Permit - Family Reunification | — | 60 days | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Reunified spouses/adult dependants may generally access the labour market subject to permit terms.
- Study: Children may enrol in education.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Covers spouse, minor/dependent children and dependent parents.
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| — | — | — | 90 days | 7 years | - Residency after 7 years
- Family: Used by spouses and family members joining relatives in Algeria; each applicant files individually.
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🇦🇩AndorraAndorra Family Reunification Residence | €22.61 | 60 days | — | — | — | - Work: Reunified family members may access the Andorran labour market subject to the immigration rules.
- Study: Reunified members may study in Andorra.
- Residency: Renewable long-term; time counts toward the 20 years required for naturalisation.
- Family: Covers spouse/partner, minor children, dependent adult children to 25 in study, and dependent ascendants 65+.
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🇦🇴AngolaAngola Temporary Stay Visa (Family Reunification / Spouse) | — | 30 days | — | 365 days | 10 years | - Study: Holders may study in Angola.
- Residency after 10 years
- Family: Designed for spouses, dependent relatives and accompanying family members.
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| $250 | — | — | — | — | — |
🇦🇲ArmeniaArmenia Family Reunification Residence | AMD 0 | 45 days | — | — | — | — |
🇦🇹AustriaFamily Reunification (Red-White-Red Card plus / Settlement Permit) | €218 | — | — | — | — | — |
🇦🇿AzerbaijanAzerbaijan TRP for Family Members of Resident Foreigners | — | — | — | — | 2 years | - Work: Residence on a family ground; paid employment may still require a work permit unless statutorily exempt.
- Study: Lawful residence permits study.
- Residency after 2 years
- Family: Spouse and children of the resident foreigner can each obtain a TRP.
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| BHD 16 | 5 days | — | 90 days | — | — |
| $51 | 5 days | — | — | — | — |
🇧🇪BelgiumBelgium Family Reunification Visa (Visa D) | €218 | 270 days | €2,323.08 | — | 5 years | - Work: F-card holders generally have full labour-market access in Belgium.
- Study: May study in Belgium.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Visa is itself the family-reunification route for spouse, partner and children.
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| BZD 200 | 0 days | — | — | 1 year | - Study: Dependent children may attend school.
- Residency after 1 year
- Family: Permit is itself for the spouse, child, parent or sibling of the resident sponsor.
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🇧🇴BoliviaBolivia Specific-Purpose Visa - Family | — | 15 days | — | 30 days | 2 years | - Study: Resident family members may study in Bolivia.
- Residency after 2 years
- Family: Designed for spouses and close relatives of Bolivian nationals or resident foreigners.
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| BAM 150 | 60 days | — | — | 5 years | - Study: Education permitted under lawful residence.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Covers the sponsor's spouse/partner, minor children and dependants.
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🇧🇼BotswanaBotswana Visitor's Visa (Visiting Family or Friends) | — | 14 days | — | — | — | — |
🇧🇷BrazilBrazil Family Reunion Visa (VITEM XI) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
🇧🇬BulgariaBulgaria Family Reunification Residence Permit | €100 | 90 days | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Labour-market access available after lawful residence (immediate for Blue Card families).
- Study: Study permitted.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Covers spouse, minor children and dependent ascendants of the sponsor.
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🇨🇻Cabo VerdeCabo Verde Temporary Residence for Family Reunification | — | — | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Reunited family members generally access the labour market under their residence permit.
- Study: Family members may study on equal terms.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Designed for the spouse, minor/dependent children and adopted minors of the sponsor.
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🇰🇭CambodiaCambodia Family-Based Extension of Stay (dependent EB) | — | 14 days | — | 365 days | — | - Study: Dependent children may study; under-18s exempt from enrolment proof.
- Residency: Renewable indefinitely alongside the sponsor's EB residence.
- Family: Specifically for spouse and dependent children of an EB holder or Cambodian citizen.
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🇨🇱ChileChile Temporary Residence for Family Reunification | — | — | — | — | 1 year | - Work: May perform lawful remunerated work.
- Study: May study; formal enrolment normally via the student subcategory.
- Residency after 1 year
- Family: The route is itself for joining a Chilean/permanent-resident family member.
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🇨🇳ChinaChina Q1 Family Reunion Visa | $140 | 4 days | — | 30 days | 5 years | - Study: Resident family members may enrol in study subject to institution rules.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Granted on the basis of the family relationship with the Chinese citizen or PR holder.
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🇨🇷Costa RicaCosta Rica Residency by First-Degree Family Link | $50 | 90 days | — | — | — | — |
🇨🇮Côte d'IvoireCôte d'Ivoire Family Accompaniment / Reunification Residence | F CFA 300,000 | 15 days | — | — | — | - Study: Children and dependants may study.
- Residency: 5-year renewable resident cards tied to the principal's stay.
- Family: Covers the spouse and minor children of the principal resident.
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🇭🇷CroatiaCroatia Temporary Stay for Family Reunification | €46.45 | — | — | — | — | — |
🇨🇺CubaCuba Family Visit Visa A-2 | — | — | — | 90 days | — | — |
🇨🇾CyprusCyprus Family Reunification Permit (FR) | €200 | 270 days | — | — | — | — |
🇨🇿CzechiaLong-term Residence Permit for Family Reunification | CZK 2,500 | 270 days | — | — | — | — |
| — | 90 days | — | — | 5 years | - Study: Dependents may study.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: The category exists specifically to include spouse and dependent children.
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🇪🇨EcuadorEcuador Temporary Residence Visa - Amparo (Family Support, All Categories) | $450 | 30 days | $250 | — | 2 years | - Work: As a residence permit it allows work; the category itself is dependency-based.
- Study: Dependants may enrol in study.
- Residency after 2 years
- Family: This IS the family route; covers spouse/partner, children and dependents.
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🇪🇬EgyptEgypt Family Residence (Dependants of Foreign Residents) | — | 60 days | — | — | 15 years | - Study: Dependants may study.
- Residency after 15 years
- Family: Spouse and minor children included as dependants of the resident sponsor.
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🇪🇪EstoniaEstonia Residence Permit to Settle with a Close Relative | €115 | 90 days | — | — | — | — |
🇫🇮FinlandFinland Residence Permit on the Basis of Family Ties | €750 | — | €1,210 | — | 6 years | - Work: Family-tie permit holders generally have an unrestricted right to work.
- Study: Right to study in Finland.
- Residency after 6 years
- Family: This permit is itself the family-reunification route.
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🇫🇷FranceFrance Family Reunification (Regroupement familial) | — | 180 days | €1,823.03 | — | — | — |
🇬🇦GabonGabon Family Reunification (Dependents of a Resident) | — | 35 days | — | — | 3 years | - Study: Dependent children may attend school; lawful residence permits study.
- Residency after 3 years
- Family: Designed for the spouse and minor children of the resident.
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🇬🇪GeorgiaGeorgia Family Reunification Residence Permit | GEL 300 | 30 days | — | — | — | — |
🇩🇪GermanyGermany Family Reunification Visa | €75 | — | — | — | — | — |
🇬🇷GreeceGreece Family Reunification Permit | — | — | — | — | — | — |
🇬🇹GuatemalaGuatemala Permanent Residence - Family of a Guatemalan Citizen | $700 | — | — | — | — | - Work: Permanent residents may carry out lawful activities, including paid work.
- Study: May study.
- Residency: This IS permanent residence; opens a route to naturalisation.
- Family: Available to relatives within the legal degrees of kinship of the Guatemalan.
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🇭🇳HondurasHonduras Residence by Family Ties (Vinculo Familiar) | $200 | — | — | — | — | - Work: Family-link residence is not employer-tied and permits work.
- Study: Lawful residence permits study.
- Residency: Card may be valid up to 5 years and counts toward permanent immigrant status and naturalisation.
- Family: Granted on the family relationship to the sponsor; minor relatives included.
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🇭🇰Hong KongHong Kong Entry for Residence as Dependants | HK$330 | 42 days | — | — | 7 years | - Work: Dependants of PRs/settled residents and employment/talent entrants may work; dependants of students need prior permission.
- Study: All dependants may study without prior permission.
- Residency after 7 years
- Family: Spouse/partner, unmarried children under 18, and parents 60+ (PR sponsors only).
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🇭🇺HungaryHungary Residence Permit for Family Reunification | €110 | 21 days | — | — | — | — |
🇮🇳IndiaIndia Entry (X) Visa | — | 7 days | — | — | — | - Family: This is itself the dependent/family visa for spouse and children.
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🇮🇩IndonesiaIndonesia Dependent Family KITAS (E31B–E31F) | IDR 6,000,000 | 5 days | — | — | — | — |
🇮🇶IraqIraq Family Residency (Spouse / Family of Iraqi) | — | — | — | — | — | - Study: Lawful residence permits study.
- Residency: Residency renewable; spouses of Iraqis may have a separate citizenship route under nationality law, not covered here.
- Family: Covers the spouse and dependent children of the Iraqi citizen or resident sponsor.
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🇮🇪IrelandIreland Family Reunification - Joining a Non-EEA Resident | €60 | 180 days | — | — | — | — |
🇮🇱IsraelIsrael Elderly Lone Parent of an Israeli Citizen | — | — | — | — | — | — |
🇮🇹ItalyItaly Family Reunification Visa | €116 | 90 days | — | — | — | — |
🇯🇵JapanJapan Dependent (Family Stay) Visa | ¥3,000 | 45 days | — | — | — | — |
🇯🇴JordanJordan Family / Follower Residence Permit | — | — | — | — | — | - Study: Family members may enrol in study.
- Residency: Annual renewals; foreign wives of Jordanian men may later apply for naturalisation under the nationality law.
- Family: Built around the family link to a Jordanian or resident sponsor; covers spouse and dependent children.
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🇰🇿KazakhstanKazakhstan Family Reunification Visa (C2) | $200 | 5 days | — | — | 5 years | - Study: Family members may study while resident.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Designed for spouses, children and dependent relatives.
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🇰🇪KenyaKenya Dependant's Pass | KES 20,000 | — | — | — | — | - Residency: A spouse/dependant of a permanent resident or citizen may have a separate route to residence under the relevant category.
- Family: Issued specifically to a spouse, child or dependant of the principal.
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🇽🇰KosovoKosovo Temporary Residence Permit – Family Reunification | — | 30 days | — | 365 days | 5 years | - Study: Family members may access education while resident.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Designed for spouses, children and dependants joining the sponsor.
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🇰🇼KuwaitKuwait Family Residence (Article 22) | KWD 20 | 30 days | KWD 800 | — | — | - Study: Dependent children may enrol in schools and study in Kuwait.
- Family: Covers the sponsor's spouse and children; other relatives carry a higher KWD 300 annual fee.
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| — | 5 days | — | 365 days | — | — |
🇱🇻LatviaLatvia Residence Permit for Family Reunification | €70 | 30 days | — | — | — | — |
🇱🇸LesothoLesotho Joining Relative Permit | — | — | — | — | — | - Study: Lawful residence permits study.
- Residency: Renewable two-year permit; an indefinite joining-relative permit is available for long-term holders.
- Family: Used to bring dependent relatives and children to join a resident or citizen.
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| — | 90 days | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Family members of EEA/Swiss residents generally enjoy labour-market access; access for third-country family members may be conditioned.
- Study: Family members may attend education in Liechtenstein.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Covers the spouse, children and, where financially supported by the resident, parents.
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🇱🇹LithuaniaLithuania Family Reunification Temporary Residence Permit | €160 | 120 days | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Family members may work without a separate work permit.
- Study: May study in Lithuania.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: This permit is the family reunification route itself.
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🇱🇺LuxembourgLuxembourg Family Reunification Residence Permit | €80 | 270 days | €2,771.33 | — | 5 years | - Work: Salaried or self-employed work permitted from permit issuance.
- Study: Study permitted.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: This permit is the family-inclusion route itself.
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🇲🇴MacaoMacao Special Authorization to Stay for Family of Non-resident Workers | MOP 0 | 50 days | — | — | — | — |
🇲🇬MadagascarMadagascar Family Reunification Residence | — | — | — | — | 3 years | - Study: Family members may study while resident.
- Residency after 3 years
- Family: Route exists for the spouse, children and dependent relatives of the sponsor.
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| — | — | — | — | — | — |
🇲🇹MaltaMalta Family Reunification Permit | €50 | — | — | — | — | — |
🇲🇺MauritiusMauritius Dependent Residence Permit | — | 30 days | — | — | — | - Study: Dependent children may enrol in school
- Residency: Follows the principal's PR pathway
- Family: Spouse/partner and children under 24
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🇲🇽MexicoMexico Family Unity Visa (Vínculo Familiar) | $56 | 5 days | — | — | — | — |
🇲🇩MoldovaMoldova Long-Stay Family Reunification Visa and Residence (Type D/VF) | €80 | 30 days | — | — | 3 years | - Study: Education permitted under lawful residence.
- Residency after 3 years
- Family: Route is specifically for the spouse, minor children and dependent relatives of the sponsor.
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🇲🇪MontenegroMontenegro Temporary Residence for Family Reunification | — | 40 days | — | — | 5 years | - Work: In some cases family-reunification residence grants free access to the labour market.
- Study: Permits enrolment in education.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: This permit is the vehicle for joining a resident spouse and minor children.
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🇲🇦MoroccoMorocco Family Reunification Residence Permit | — | — | — | — | 4 years | - Study: Permitted.
- Residency after 4 years
- Family: This permit is itself the family route; each member files individually.
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| $50 | 3 days | — | 70 days | — | — |
🇲🇲MyanmarMyanmar PR Dependent / Family Member | $500 | — | — | — | — | — |
🇳🇵NepalNepal Dependent Visa | $60 | 15 days | — | — | — | - Family: Specifically for spouse and children of the principal; under-10 children gratis.
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🇳🇱NetherlandsNetherlands Family Reunification (Children and Relatives) | €254 | 90 days | €2,294.40 | — | — | — |
🇳🇮NicaraguaNicaragua Family Residence (Nicaraguan Child / Family Tie) | $610 | — | — | — | 2 years | - Work: Family residents may work and undertake lawful activity.
- Study: Full access to study.
- Residency after 2 years
- Family: Spouse, children and parents qualify under the family sub-categories.
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🇲🇰North MacedoniaNorth Macedonia Temporary Residence for Family Reunification | €70 | 30 days | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Family members may obtain a work permit through the Employment Service Agency.
- Study: Education permitted under lawful residence.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Covers spouse, minor children, dependent ascending relatives and, in the child's best interest, the parents of a minor.
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🇴🇲OmanOman Family Joining Visa | OMR 20 | 14 days | — | — | — | - Study: Dependent children may enrol in school
- Family: Spouse and children of the sponsor
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| — | 10 days | — | 365 days | — | — |
🇵🇦PanamaPanama Dependent of Permanent Resident Permit | $250 | — | — | — | — | — |
🇵🇾ParaguayParaguay Permanent Residence for Foreign Family of Paraguayan Nationals | PYG 0 | 30 days | — | — | — | - Work: Full right to work as a permanent resident.
- Study: Full access to study.
- Residency: Grants permanent residence directly; positioned for naturalisation via the family tie to a Paraguayan national.
- Family: Spouse, children, grandchildren under 18 and children's spouses qualify.
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🇵🇪PeruPeru Family Resident Migratory Status (Calidad Migratoria Familiar Residente) | PEN 58.80 | 30 days | — | — | 3 years | - Work: May carry out lucrative activities in dependent or independent form.
- Study: May study while holding family resident status.
- Residency after 3 years
- Family: This status is itself the family-reunification route; each relative applies on their own tie.
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🇵🇱PolandPoland Temporary Residence Permit for Family Reunification | PLN 340 | 60 days | PLN 1,010 | — | 5 years | - Work: Free labour-market access; works without a separate work permit.
- Study: Education at all levels on equal terms with Polish citizens.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Permit is for the spouse, minor children and dependent stepchildren of the sponsor.
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🇵🇹PortugalPortugal D6 Family Reunification Visa | — | 270 days | — | — | — | — |
🇶🇦QatarQatar Family Residence Visa | QAR 200 | — | QAR 10,000 | — | — | — |
🇷🇴RomaniaRomania Long-Stay Visa for Family Reunification (D/VF) | €120 | 90 days | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Reunified family members generally gain access to the labour market under Romanian rules.
- Study: Study permitted.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: This visa is itself the route for spouse, minor children and dependent ascendants.
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🇷🇼RwandaRwanda Family Visit Visa (V2) | $50 | 3 days | — | 30 days | — | — |
🇼🇸SamoaSamoa Temporary Resident Permit for Family Reunion or Family Support | WST 100 | — | — | — | 10 years | - Residency after 10 years
- Family: Designed around family; spouse and dependent children included (WST 50 each).
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🇸🇲San MarinoSan Marino Family Reunification Stay Permit | — | — | — | — | — | - Work: A joining spouse may generally work subject to the labour rules applicable to their status.
- Study: Joining children and family members may enrol in local education.
- Residency: Where granted as registry residence, contributes to the long residence period that can lead to naturalisation.
- Family: Covers the spouse and minor children, with certain other dependants admissible.
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| — | 3 days | — | 90 days | — | — |
🇸🇳SenegalSenegal Family Member of a Resident or Senegalese National | F CFA 15,200 | — | — | — | — | - Study: Lawful residence permits study.
- Residency: Spouses of Senegalese nationals may pursue naturalisation under nationality law; otherwise residence is renewable rather than automatically permanent.
- Family: Recognised members are the spouse, ascendants and unmarried minor descendants under the same roof (Article 4, Law 71-10).
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🇷🇸SerbiaSerbia Family Reunification Temporary Residence | — | 30 days | — | — | 3 years | - Work: Adults reunified with an adult foreign resident automatically gain the right to work.
- Study: May study while resident.
- Residency after 3 years
- Family: This basis exists precisely to include spouse, partner and children.
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| SGD 105 | 21 days | — | — | — | — |
🇸🇰SlovakiaSlovakia Temporary Residence for Family Reunification | €135 | 90 days | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Work permit needed in the first 12 months; free labour-market access thereafter.
- Study: Study permitted.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: This permit is itself the family route; ascendants/dependents may also qualify.
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🇸🇮SloveniaSlovenia Temporary Residence Permit for Family Reunification | €102 | 90 days | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Family members generally gain free access to the labour market.
- Study: Study permitted.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: This permit is itself the family-reunification route for spouse, children and dependants.
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| — | 45 days | — | — | — | - Residency: Immediate relatives of citizens/residents may pursue PR
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🇰🇷South KoreaDependent Family Visa F-3 (and F-1 Family Visitor) | — | — | — | — | — | — |
🇪🇸SpainSpain Family Reunification | — | — | — | — | — | — |
🇸🇪SwedenSweden Residence Permit for Family of a Permit Holder | SEK 1,500 | 120 days | — | — | 4 years | - Work: Adult family members and children 16+ may work in Sweden.
- Study: Family members may study.
- Residency after 4 years
- Family: Covers spouse/partner and children under 21 of the permit holder.
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🇨🇭SwitzerlandSwitzerland Family Reunification (Art. 42-44 FNIA) | CHF 88 | — | — | — | 5 years | - Work: Joining spouse and children may work in any field.
- Study: Study permitted.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Spouse/registered partner and unmarried children under 18.
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🇹🇼TaiwanTaiwan Resident Visa for Joining Family (ARC holder's dependents) | $66 | 8 days | — | — | 5 years | - Study: Dependent children may attend school.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Covers spouse and unmarried minor children of the resident sponsor.
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🇹🇯TajikistanTajikistan Private (Family/Friends) Visa | — | 14 days | — | — | — | - Residency: Extendable; long-term family stay can lead to a residence permit.
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🇹🇭ThailandThailand Dependent/Guardian Visa (Non-Immigrant O) | THB 2,000 | 10 days | — | 90 days | — | — |
🇹🇬TogoTogo Immigration Visa for Family Reunification | F CFA 65,000 | 5 days | — | 90 days | — | - Study: Children may enrol in education.
- Residency: Leads to a dependent carte de séjour aligned with the sponsor's status.
- Family: For the spouse and dependent children of the established sponsor.
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🇹🇴TongaTonga Dependent Residence Permit | — | 30 days | — | — | — | - Study: Dependent children may attend school in Tonga.
- Family: Covers the principal worker's spouse and minor children.
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🇹🇳TunisiaTunisia Family Residence for Foreign Residents' Relatives | — | 90 days | — | — | 5 years | - Study: Dependants may enrol in education.
- Residency after 5 years
- Family: Covers the spouse and minor children of a lawfully resident foreigner, each on their own card.
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🇹🇷TürkiyeTurkey Family Residence Permit | TRY 964 | 90 days | — | — | — | — |
🇹🇲TurkmenistanTurkmenistan Private / Family Visit Visa (PR/FM) | $55 | 10 days | — | — | — | - Family: Designed for visiting/joining a spouse or relative; each visitor is invited individually by the host.
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| — | — | — | — | 10 years | - Study: Dependant children may attend school; enrolled students may alternatively hold a student pass.
- Residency after 10 years
- Family: This is the pass through which the principal's spouse and minor children are included.
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🇺🇦UkraineUkraine Long-Term Visa for Family Reunification with a Residence-Permit Holder (Type D-15) | $165 | 15 days | — | 90 days | — | - Study: Education permitted under lawful residence.
- Residency: Permit tracks the sponsor's status; permanence depends on the sponsor reaching permanent residence.
- Family: Route is for the spouse and dependent children of a residence-permit holder.
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| — | 14 days | — | — | — | — |
🇺🇸United StatesFamily-Based Immigrant Visas (IR & F1–F4 Preferences) | $675 | — | — | — | — | — |
🇺🇾UruguayUruguay Permanent Legal Residence - Uruguayan Family Link | UYU 3,539 | — | — | — | 3 years | - Work: Full work rights under permanent residence.
- Study: Full access to study.
- Residency after 3 years
- Family: Route is itself based on the family link to a Uruguayan.
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| $160 | — | — | — | — | — |
🇻🇳VietnamVietnam Family Visit Visa (VR) | $25 | 6 days | — | 180 days | — | — |