Which countries offer a permanent residence visa?

VisaPassage tracks 113 countries offering a permanent residence route — 113 with fully verified government fees, processing times and rights, and 0 more at summary level. Every entry is checked against official sources and describes typical eligibility, never a promise of approval.

Does a permanent residence visa lead to permanent residency?

In 32 of the tracked permanent residence routes there is a statutory path to permanent residency — the fastest reaches PR on grant in Colombia. These are statutory minimums and may vary by individual circumstances; they are never a guarantee.

Can you work on a permanent residence visa?

Work rights vary by country: 94 of the tracked permanent residence routes carry some form of work permission — see the Rights column in the comparison table for each country's specific terms. Confirm against the official source before relying on it.

Visa types · Special Categories

Permanent Residence visa

Indefinite right to live in the country, usually after qualifying years of residence.

113 countries with verified fees and rights.

						Rights
Albania Albania Permanent Residence Permit	—	60 days	—	—	7 years	Work: Permanent residents have broad access to the labour market. Study: Full access to education. Residency after 7 years Family: Family members may hold or apply for their own permits.
Algeria Algeria 10-Year Resident Card	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Long-term residence; broad right to reside, with employment subject to general rules (requires review). Study: Residents may study (requires review). Residency: This is the long-term (10-year) residence title itself; naturalisation is governed separately by nationality law. Family: Children living with the holder who have reached 18 may also be granted the card.
Angola Angola Permanent Residence Authorisation	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Permits residence and work without further visa sponsorship. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; the card is renewed every 5 years.
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Naturalisation	—	—	—	—	7 years	Work: Citizens have unrestricted work rights. Study: Full access to education as a citizen. Residency after 7 years Family: Minor children of a citizen and spouses by registration may acquire citizenship on their own basis.
Argentina Argentina Permanent Residence	—	—	—	—	—	—
Armenia Armenia Permanent Residence Permit	AMD 140,000	45 days	—	—	—	—
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Permanent Residence (Immigration) Permit	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents are exempt from the work-permit requirement and may work freely. Study: Education on settled-resident terms. Residency: This is permanent residence; renewable indefinitely in five-year periods. Naturalisation is a separate process and Azerbaijan does not generally permit dual citizenship.
Bahamas Bahamas Permanent Residence (Non-Investment Categories)	$15,000	—	—	—	—	Study: Permanent residents may study in The Bahamas. Residency: This is permanent residence itself, issued for life unless revoked; a recognised stepping stone toward citizenship. Family: Spouse and children may be included; widowed spouse and child of PR holder fee USD 3,000 each.
Barbados Barbados Permanent Resident Status	BBD 300	—	—	—	—	Work: Work without any permit. Study: Education on settled-status terms. Residency: This is permanent residence; citizenship by naturalisation follows after qualifying years of residence (around 7).
Barbados Barbados Immigrant Status	BBD 300	—	—	—	5 years	Work: Authorises work without a separate work permit. Study: Education permitted on settled-status terms. Residency after 5 years
Belize Belize Permanent Residence	—	540 days	—	—	5 years	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Belize without a separate work permit. Study: Full access to education as a resident. Residency after 5 years Family: Spouse and children can be documented within the application.
Benin Benin Privileged Resident Card (10-Year)	F CFA 800,000	—	—	—	—	Work: Long-term residence with broad activity rights; salaried work still requires a work permit. Study: Covers residence including study. Residency: This is the long-term (10-year) residence card, the top tier of Benin's resident-card system.
Bolivia Bolivia Permanent Residence	BOB 1,473	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may work freely in Bolivia. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation may be sought after a further qualifying period (about three years of residence under the general rule). Family: Family members may hold derivative residence based on the relationship.
Bolivia Bolivia MERCOSUR Permanent Residence	BOB 1,473	—	—	—	—	Work: Equal access to work with Bolivian nationals. Study: Equal access to education. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation may follow after a further qualifying period of residence. Family: Family members may hold derivative residence on the relationship basis.
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina Permanent Residence Permit	BAM 200	90 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents have access to the labour market without a separate work permit. Study: Education on broadly equal terms with citizens. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation may follow under the Citizenship Law after further lawful residence.
Botswana Botswana Permanent Residence	BWP 3,000	180 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and generally work in Botswana, subject to any labour-exemption certificate requirements. Study: Permanent residents may study in Botswana. Residency: This is the permanent residence status itself; it may support a later application for citizenship by registration. Family: Spouse and dependants are considered with the application and supported as part of the household.
Brunei Brunei Entry Permit (Permanent Residence)	BND 50	—	—	—	—	—
Cabo Verde Cabo Verde Permanent Residence Authorisation	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Work without restriction, near-equal treatment with nationals. Study: Education on equal terms with nationals. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation may follow under the nationality law.
Cameroon Cameroon Permanent Resident Card (Carte de Residence)	—	—	—	—	6 years	Work: Permanent residence; broad right to live and work in Cameroon. Study: Education on the same footing as other residents. Residency after 6 years
Chile Chile Residencia Definitiva (Permanent Residence)	—	—	—	—	—	Work: May engage in any lawful activity. Study: Full study rights. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation generally after 5 years of residence. Family: Family members hold their own status; family ties shorten the qualifying period.
China China D Permanent Residence Visa / Foreigner's Permanent Resident ID Card	$140	4 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in China without a separate work permit. Study: Full access to study and public services as a permanent resident. Residency: This is the permanent-residence status itself; the ID card is valid 10 years and renewable. Family: Spouse (5-year marriage), unmarried children under 18 and dependent elderly relatives may be included under the family category.
Colombia Colombia R Resident Visa - Accumulated Time	$400	30 days	—	—	On grant	Work: Open work authorisation for any lawful activity. Study: Study permitted. Residency: This visa IS permanent residence; naturalisation follows per the nationality law. Family: Family members generally hold their own visas; dependents may be included where eligible.
Congo Republic of the Congo Privileged Resident Card	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Settled residence status with broad activity rights. Study: Education permitted as a settled resident. Residency: This is the privileged (near-permanent) residence tier; naturalisation is governed by the separate nationality code.
Costa Rica Costa Rica Permanent Residency	$50	90 days	—	—	—	—
Croatia Croatia Permanent Stay (National Route)	€83.62	—	—	—	—	—
Cuba Cuba Permanent Residence (Family of Cuban Citizen)	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work broadly as citizens for most purposes. Study: Access to education on resident terms. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation is possible but discretionary and lengthy. Family: Based on marriage/family to a Cuban citizen; covers the qualifying spouse and children.
Denmark Denmark Permanent Residence Permit	—	—	—	—	8 years	Work: Unrestricted work and self-employment. Study: Unrestricted study access. Residency after 8 years Family: Family reunification handled under separate family rules.
Dominica Dominica Permanent Residence	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Dominica. Study: Permanent residents may study without restriction. Residency: This is permanent residence; it is a step toward naturalisation as a citizen.
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Permanent Residence (RP-1)	—	30 days	—	—	On grant	Work: Permanent residents may live and work freely. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalization possible after ~2 years (Law 1683). Family: Dependents hold their own residence aligned to the principal.
DR Congo DR Congo Special / Permanent Establishment Visa	$653	—	—	—	—	Work: Settled residents may work and conduct economic activity. Study: Full access to study as a resident. Residency: Long-term/permanent resident status; single nationality bars dual citizenship and no published naturalisation clock from this status. Family: Spouse and dependent children covered via matrimonial establishment visas alongside the principal.
Ecuador Ecuador MERCOSUR Permanent Residence Visa	$550	30 days	—	—	—	Work: Full work rights on equal terms with nationals. Study: Full study rights. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation is a separate process. Family: Family members may be included under the agreement / amparo category.
Ecuador Ecuador Permanent Residence Visa (21+ Months of Temporary Residence)	$550	30 days	—	—	—	Work: Full work rights. Study: Full study rights. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation generally after 3 years of legal residence. Family: Family members included via the amparo category.
El Salvador Definitive Residence for Pensioners	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Definitive residents may carry out any lawful activity, including employment. Study: Definitive residents may study. Residency: This is definitive (permanent) residence and supports later naturalisation. Family: Dependants may be included per DGME rules.
Estonia Estonia Long-Term Resident's Residence Permit (EU)	€185	—	—	—	—	—
Eswatini Eswatini Permanent Residence (Establishment)	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Eswatini without a separate work permit. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation (Class C1) follows via the Citizenship Board. Family: Spouse and children may hold derivative status; no fixed published rule.
Ethiopia Ethiopia Permanent Residence ID	—	10 days	—	—	—	Work: Long-term residents may live and work in Ethiopia subject to permit conditions. Study: Residence permits study. Residency: This is permanent residence (5-year renewable ID); naturalisation is separate and Ethiopia does not allow dual citizenship.
Fiji Fiji Permanent Residence Permit	FJD 650.05	21 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live in Fiji indefinitely; employment may still be subject to permit conditions for certain grounds. Study: May study in Fiji. Residency: This is permanent residence; from 2035 it is a prerequisite for citizenship by naturalisation (8 of the last 10 years lawful presence). Family: Family members may be included on uniting-with-family grounds.
Finland Finland Permanent Residence Permit (P)	€380	—	—	—	—	Work: Unrestricted right to work. Study: Unrestricted right to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; Finnish citizenship requires 8 years' residence (5 with language). Family: Family members apply on the basis of family ties.
Gabon Gabon Resident Card (Carte de Résident)	—	35 days	—	—	—	Work: Stable residence with work rights. Study: Lawful residence permits study. Residency: This is long-duration residence; a permanent resident card follows after sustained residence and integration. Family: Family members hold their own cards; spouses of Gabonese nationals qualify directly.
Gabon Gabon Permanent Resident Card	—	60 days	—	—	—	Work: Full residence and work rights without renewing a work permit. Study: Education on settled-resident terms. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation may follow under Gabonese nationality law. Family: Individual card; spouse and children hold their own status.
Georgia Georgia Permanent Residence Permit (10-Year Residence)	GEL 350	25 days	—	—	—	—
Germany Germany Settlement Permit (Niederlassungserlaubnis)	€113	—	—	—	—	—
Ghana Indefinite Residence Status	GHS 10,000	180 days	—	—	—	Work: Indefinite residents may live and work in Ghana without a separate work permit. Study: May study in Ghana. Residency: This is itself permanent residence; it may, over time and subject to law, support a later citizenship application, which is separate and discretionary.
Grenada Grenada Permanent Residence	—	180 days	—	—	7 years	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Grenada (a work permit is still required for some categories of employment). Study: Education on the same basis as residents. Residency after 7 years Family: Spouse and dependent children may be included or apply on their own qualifying basis.
Guatemala Guatemala Permanent Residence - Central Americans	$500	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may carry out lawful activities, including paid work. Study: May study. Residency: This IS permanent residence; Central Americans enjoy a privileged naturalisation regime. Family: Family members generally apply under their own category.
Guyana Guyana Citizenship by Naturalisation	—	—	—	—	5 years	Work: Naturalised citizens have full, unrestricted work rights. Study: Full access to study as a citizen. Residency after 5 years Family: Spouses use the registration-by-marriage route; minor children may derive or register.
Haiti Haiti Naturalisation by Residence	—	—	—	—	5 years	Work: Naturalised nationals have full work rights. Study: Full access to education as a national. Residency after 5 years Family: Spouses qualify on a shorter timeline; minor children may derive status.
Honduras Honduras Permanent Residence (Inmigrado)	$300	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may work without an employer-tied permit. Study: Education on equal terms with residents. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation follows (1 year for Central Americans, 2 for Ibero-Americans, 3 for others).
Hong Kong Hong Kong Right of Abode (Permanent Residence)	HK$0	90 days	—	—	—	Work: No condition of stay; free to work or run any business. Study: No restriction on study. Residency: This is permanent-resident status itself.
Hungary Hungary EU Residence Card (EU Long-Term Residence)	HUF 26,000	70 days	—	—	—	—
Iceland Iceland Permanent Residence Permit	ISK 60,000	—	ISK 259,951	—	—	Work: Unrestricted access to the Icelandic labour market. Study: Full study rights. Residency: This IS permanent residence; citizenship generally after 7 years' residence. Family: Permanent residents can sponsor family reunification.
Indonesia Indonesia Permanent Stay Permit (KITAP/ITAP)	IDR 5,000,000	—	—	—	—	—
Jamaica Jamaica Citizenship by Naturalisation	JMD 50,000	730 days	—	—	—	Work: Citizens have full and unrestricted work rights. Study: Full access to education as a citizen. Residency: Confers citizenship; Jamaica permits dual citizenship. Family: Each adult naturalises individually; minor children may be registered separately.
Jamaica Jamaica Permanent Residence	JMD 100,000	180 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Jamaica without a work permit. Study: May study without separate authorisation. Residency: This is permanent residence; citizenship by naturalisation is available after the qualifying residence period. Family: Spouse (of a Jamaican) and dependants of a permanent resident have qualifying bases of their own.
Japan Japan Permanent Residence	¥10,000	150 days	—	—	—	—
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Permanent Residence Visa (B8) and Residence Permit	$80	17 days	—	—	5 years	Work: Permanent residents may work without a separate work permit. Study: Full access to study as a resident. Residency after 5 years Family: Family members may apply for their own residence permits.
Kenya Kenya Permanent Residence (Lawful Residents — Category B)	KES 50,000	—	—	—	On grant	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Kenya without a separate work permit. Study: May study without a separate student pass. Residency: This is the permanent-residence status itself; citizenship may be pursued separately under nationality law. Family: Spouse and dependent children of an approved principal may apply individually.
Kosovo Kosovo Permanent Residence Permit	—	60 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents enjoy broad access to employment and economic activity in Kosovo. Study: Full access to education as a permanent resident. Residency: This is the permanent residence status itself; it may support a later application for naturalisation under separate citizenship law. Family: Family members may reside on family-reunification grounds and progress on their own residence track.
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Permanent Residence Permit	—	—	—	—	—	—
Lesotho Lesotho Indefinite (Permanent) Residence Permit	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and, within their category, work in Lesotho on a settled basis. Study: Settled residence permits study. Residency: This is the permanent (indefinite) residence permit; long residence can support a later citizenship application.
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein Settlement Permit C	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Broad labour-market access without a separate work permit. Study: Education on settled-resident terms. Residency: This is permanent residence; it underpins the long residence periods required for naturalisation. Family: Settled residents may sponsor family reunification.
Lithuania Lithuania Permanent Residence Permit / EU Long-Term Resident Status	€160	90 days	—	—	—	Work: Full labour-market access without a work permit. Study: Unrestricted study rights. Residency: This is the permanent residence status; citizenship by naturalisation after 10 years. Family: Family members may reside and work; reunification rules apply.
Macao Macao Permanent Resident Identity Card (Right of Abode)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Malawi Malawi Permanent Residence Permit (PRP)	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Malawi without a separate work permit. Study: Study on the same terms as residents. Residency: This is permanent residence; citizenship may be sought subsequently. Family: Foreign spouses of Malawians and over-age dependants of PRP holders have their own qualifying categories.
Malaysia Malaysia Permanent Residence (Entry Permit)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Mauritius Mauritius Permanent Residence Permit	—	60 days	—	—	On grant	Work: Permanent resident; may work or run a business Study: Permanent resident; may study Residency: Is permanent residence (20-year renewable) Family: Spouse and dependent children included
Mexico Mexico Permanent Resident Status	$56	5 days	—	—	—	—
Moldova Moldova Permanent Residence Permit	—	90 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may work in Moldova without a separate work authorisation. Study: Education on equal terms with residents. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation follows after further qualifying periods (generally 10 years, 3 for spouses of citizens), counted from permanent residence.
Monaco Monaco Privileged Residence Card (10-Year)	€160	—	—	—	—	Study: Residents may study in Monaco. Residency: This is Monaco's long-term residence card; naturalisation is possible after 10 years' residence but is fully discretionary. Family: Family members hold their own cards on the same residence basis.
Monaco Monaco Ordinary Residence Card	€100	—	—	—	10 years	Study: Residents may study in Monaco. Residency after 10 years Family: Family members hold their own residence cards on the same basis.
Mongolia Mongolia Permanent-Type Residence Permit (Permit G)	—	60 days	—	—	—	—
Montenegro Montenegro Permanent Residence Permit	—	180 days	—	—	—	Work: Free access to the labour market without a separate work permit. Study: Education on equal terms with residents. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation may follow after a further period (commonly five years), subject to citizenship-law conditions. Family: Individual permit; children may derive status, and family members otherwise apply on their own basis.
Morocco Morocco Long-Term Residence Card (carte de séjour 10 ans)	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Work rights follow the underlying category; salaried roles still need a CTE. Study: Permitted. Residency: This is the long-term residence status itself; renewable up to 10 years. Family: Family via reunification permits.
Morocco Moroccan Nationality by Naturalisation / Marriage	—	—	—	—	5 years	Work: Full rights upon acquiring nationality. Study: Full rights as a national. Residency after 5 years Family: Children acquire nationality by descent; spouse may apply by marriage.
Mozambique Mozambique Permanent Residence (DIRE)	—	270 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may work without a separate employer-tied permit. Study: Full access to education. Residency: This is permanent residence (5-year renewable DIRE); naturalisation is governed separately by nationality law. Family: Dependents may be included subject to their own residence history and documentation.
Myanmar Myanmar Permanent Residence of Foreigners (PRFC)	$500	—	—	—	—	—
Namibia Namibia Permanent Residence Permit	NAD 20,000	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Namibia without a separate permit. Study: Permanent residents may study in Namibia. Residency: This is permanent residence itself; citizenship may be sought later through naturalisation under the Namibian Citizenship Act. Family: Spouse and unmarried children under 21 can be included in the same application.
Netherlands Netherlands Permanent Residence Permit	€254	180 days	—	—	—	—
Nicaragua Nicaragua Permanent Residence	$610	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may work and undertake lawful economic activity. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation after 4 years of permanent residence (2 years for Spanish/Central American/investor/spouse-of-Nicaraguan cases). Family: Spouse, children and parents of qualifying holders have their own permanent-residence sub-category.
North Macedonia North Macedonia Permanent Residence Permit	—	90 days	—	—	—	Work: Broad labour-market access without a separate work permit in most cases. Study: Education on equal terms. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation may follow under the Law on Citizenship.
Norway Norway Permanent Residence Permit	NOK 4,000	—	NOK 341,373	—	—	Work: Unrestricted right to work in Norway. Study: Unrestricted right to study in Norway. Residency: This is permanent residence itself; the card is renewed every 2 years. Family: Permanent residents may sponsor family immigration subject to the standard requirements.
Paraguay Paraguay Mercosur Permanent Residence	PYG 27,875.50	45 days	—	—	—	Work: Full right to work. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation generally after about 3 years of residence. Family: Family members may hold their own Mercosur permanent residence.
Paraguay Paraguay Permanent Residence - Category Change (Ley N° 6984/2022)	PYG 27,875.50	45 days	—	—	—	Work: Full right to work and carry out economic activity in Paraguay. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is the permanent-residence status itself; naturalisation generally available after about 3 years of permanent residence. Family: Family members may hold their own permanent residence via family relationship.
Peru Peru Permanent Resident Migratory Status (Cambio a Calidad Migratoria Permanente)	—	30 days	—	—	3 years	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Peru without annual status renewal. Study: May study freely. Residency after 3 years Family: Family members hold their own status (Familiar Residente) and may also become permanent.
Philippines Philippines Quota Immigrant Visa (Section 13)	₱18,830	180 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may work; an AEP may still be required for certain employment. Study: Resident status permits study. Residency: Confers permanent resident status on approval (within the annual 50-per-nationality quota). Family: Spouse and unmarried children under 21 may be included as dependents.
Poland Poland Permanent Residence Permit	PLN 640	90 days	—	—	—	Work: Work without any permit. Study: Education on equal terms with Polish citizens. Residency: This is permanent residence; citizenship by recognition is available afterwards (around 2 years on this permit, or 1 year for ancestry/Karta Polaka holders). Family: Individual permit; minor children of citizens or settled foreigners have their own qualifying categories.
Qatar Qatar Permanent Residency Permit (Law No. 10 of 2018)	—	—	—	—	—	—
Rwanda Rwanda Permanent Resident Permit (L-1)	—	14 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Rwanda without a separate work permit. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation as a Rwandan citizen may follow under the nationality law. Family: Family members reside via dependant (M-class) permits.
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis Permanent Residence	—	—	—	—	14 years	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in the Federation. Study: May study without a student visa. Residency after 14 years Family: Minor children may be included; spouses of citizens use the marriage route.
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Permanent Residence	—	—	—	—	—	Study: Study permitted as a settled resident. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation as a citizen may follow further qualifying residence. Family: Spouse and dependent children may hold derived or individual status.
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Permanent Residence	EC$2,400	49 days	—	—	On grant	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in the country long-term. Study: May study on equal terms with residents. Residency: This is permanent residence; citizenship by registration follows after seven years' qualifying residence.
Samoa Samoa Permanent Resident Permit	—	10 days	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Samoa without a separate employer-tied permit. Study: Full access to study as a resident. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation as a Samoan citizen is governed separately by the Citizenship Act. Family: Spouse and dependent children may be included or qualify on family-of-resident grounds.
Senegal Senegal Settlement Authorization (Long-Term Establishment)	F CFA 15,200	—	—	—	—	Work: Extended residence rights; employment for an employer still follows the contract-approval rules. Study: Lawful long-term residence permits study. Residency: Closest status to long-term residence; conditional and renewable rather than unconditional permanent residence. Family: Each adult holds their own card; children under fifteen are exempt.
Serbia Serbia Permanent Residence	—	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents have free access to the labour market. Study: Full access to study. Residency: Already permanent; citizenship by naturalisation typically follows 3 years of permanent residence. Family: Family members may hold their own residence; minors of citizens/permanent residents are exempt from the 3-year rule.
Seychelles Seychelles Permanent Residence Permit (by Investment)	SCR 350,000	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Seychelles subject to permit conditions. Study: Permanent residents may study in Seychelles. Residency: This is the permanent residence status itself; citizenship has separate requirements. Family: Family members are accommodated through dependent endorsements; verify per-dependent terms with Immigration.
Singapore Singapore Permanent Residence (PTS / Family Ties Schemes)	SGD 100	180 days	—	—	—	—
Slovakia Slovakia Permanent Residence (Five-Year)	€165.50	90 days	—	—	—	Work: Free access to the labour market without a work permit. Study: Full access to study. Residency: After the first 5 years, eligible for unlimited permanent residence. Family: This permit is itself the family-based permanent route.
Slovenia Slovenia Permanent Residence Permit / EU Long-Term Resident Status	€102	—	—	—	5 years	Work: Unrestricted access to the labour market. Study: Unrestricted study rights. Residency after 5 years Family: Family of a PR holder may obtain permanent residence after two years.
South Africa South Africa Permanent Residence (Direct Categories)	—	240 days	—	—	On grant	Work: Permanent resident; unrestricted work Study: Permanent resident; may study Residency: Is permanent residence; citizenship by naturalisation later Family: Family may hold linked PR/temporary status
South Korea Permanent Residence F-5	—	—	—	—	—	—
Spain Spain Long-Term Residence (National and EU)	—	90 days	—	—	—	—
Suriname Suriname Permanent Residence (Verblijfsvergunning Onbepaalde Tijd)	$150	90 days	—	—	—	Work: Indefinite residents may live and generally work in Suriname; persons of Surinamese origin are exempt from a work permit. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; naturalisation possible after about 5 years of residence with Dutch proficiency and renunciation of other nationality. Family: Spouse and dependent children of qualifying persons may also obtain residence.
Sweden Sweden Permanent Residence Permit	SEK 0	—	—	—	—	Work: Unrestricted right to work in Sweden. Study: Unrestricted right to study. Residency: This is permanent residence; it counts toward citizenship (generally 8 years' residence from 6 June 2026). Family: Family members must each qualify in their own right.
Sweden Swedish Citizenship by Naturalisation	SEK 1,750	—	SEK 20,000	—	—	Work: Citizens have full, unrestricted rights to work. Study: Citizens have full rights to study. Residency: This is citizenship - the final status beyond permanent residence.
Switzerland Switzerland C Settlement Permit (Permanent Residence)	—	—	—	—	On grant	Work: Unrestricted access to the labour market, free job and canton change. Study: Study permitted without restriction. Residency: This is permanent residence; required for ordinary naturalisation. Family: Reunified family gain settlement and full work rights (Art. 43 FNIA).
Taiwan Taiwan Alien Permanent Resident Certificate (APRC)	NT$10,000	30 days	—	—	On grant	Work: Permanent residents have open work rights with no separate work permit. Study: Full access to study. Residency: This is the permanent residence status itself. Family: Eligible dependents may obtain APRC after a further 3 years under the 2025 amendment.
Tajikistan Tajikistan Residence Permit	—	30 days	—	—	5 years	Work: Residence holders may live long-term; employment may still require work authorisation depending on category. Study: May study while resident. Residency after 5 years
Thailand Thailand Permanent Residence Permit	THB 7,600	365 days	—	—	—	—
Togo Togo Privileged Residence Card (Long-Term)	F CFA 800,000	37 days	—	—	—	Work: Broad residence and work rights for the privileged holder. Study: Education permitted on equal footing with other residents. Residency: Most stable long-term residence; naturalisation possible after qualifying years under the nationality code. Family: Family members hold their own residence cards.
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago Permanent Residence (Five-Year Continuous Residence)	—	—	—	—	5 years	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Trinidad and Tobago. Study: Permanent residents may study. Residency after 5 years
Tunisia Tunisia Ordinary Residence Card	—	90 days	—	—	—	Work: Holders may reside and generally work in Tunisia; salaried roles may still need an endorsed contract depending on category. Study: Residence supports study. Residency: This is the long-term residence card (2-year, renewable); naturalisation is governed separately by the Nationality Code.
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan Residence Permit (vid na zhitelstvo)	—	—	—	—	7 years	Work: Residence-permit holders may live and work in Turkmenistan subject to general rules. Study: May study while resident. Residency after 7 years Family: Spouse and minor children may be included or apply on the same basis, subject to SMS assessment.
Uganda Uganda Certificate of Residence (Permanent Residence)	$3,500	—	—	—	10 years	Work: Confers the right to live and work in Uganda without a separate work permit. Study: May study in Uganda. Residency after 10 years Family: Family members may hold dependant passes linked to the certificate holder's status.
Ukraine Ukraine Immigration Permit by Investment (Permanent Residence)	—	180 days	—	—	On grant	Work: Permanent residents may work without a separate work permit. Study: Education on the same basis as residents. Residency: The immigration permit grants permanent residence directly; later naturalisation is possible after the statutory residence period.
Ukraine Ukraine Immigration Permit - Family / Special Grounds (Permanent Residence)	—	180 days	—	—	On grant	Work: Permanent residents may work without a separate work permit. Study: Education on the same basis as residents. Residency: The immigration permit grants permanent residence directly; naturalisation is possible after the statutory residence period. Family: Spouses and close relatives of Ukrainian citizens are themselves qualifying categories.
United Kingdom UK Indefinite Leave to Remain (Settlement)	£3,226	—	—	—	—	—
United States Diversity Visa (Green Card Lottery)	$330	—	—	—	—	—
Uruguay Uruguay Permanent Legal Residence - Employment / Self-Employment	UYU 3,539	—	—	—	3 years	Work: Full work and business rights under permanent residence. Study: Full access to study. Residency after 3 years Family: Spouse/partner and children apply for residence, often via the Uruguayan-link route once one member is resident.
Uruguay Uruguay Permanent Legal Residence - MERCOSUR Nationals	UYU 3,539	—	—	—	3 years	Work: Full right to work, equal to nationals. Study: Full access to study. Residency after 3 years Family: Family members of MERCOSUR nationals included under the agreement.
Uruguay Uruguay Legal Citizenship (Naturalisation)	UYU 0	—	—	—	—	Work: Full rights as a legal citizen. Study: Full access. Residency: Confers legal citizenship (civic rights); distinct from natural citizenship.
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Permanent Residence Permit	—	30 days	—	—	—	—
Vanuatu Vanuatu Permanent Residence Visa (Subclass 131)	—	—	—	—	10 years	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Vanuatu. Study: Permanent residence permits study. Residency after 10 years Family: Spouse and dependent children may be included subject to assessment.
Vietnam Vietnam Permanent Residence Card	$100	120 days	—	—	—	—
Zambia Zambia Residence Permit (Permanent Residence)	ZMW 20,200	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work in Zambia. Study: May study without a separate Study Permit. Residency: This is the permanent residence status itself, which also confers land-ownership rights. Family: Dependants of a Residence Permit holder may qualify in their own right.
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Permanent Residence Permit	$500	—	—	—	—	Work: Permanent residents may live and work without a further permit. Study: Education on the same basis as residents. Residency: This is permanent residence; citizenship may be pursued separately under the Citizenship Act. Family: Granted individually; dependents added at USD 300 each.

Sort by any column. Fees are shown in each program's own currency and are government fees only. Blank cells (—) mean we haven't verified that fact — never that it is zero. “PR in” is a statutory minimum and may vary.